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Code-switching is presented as a linguistic and cultural practice used by bilinguals in writing and speaking. The article analyzes how Selma Dabbagh’s novel Out of It (2011) employs code-switching, especially from English into Arabic, to address Palestinians’ concerns and preserve her Palestinian belonging.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-function-of-code-switching-in-selma-dabbaghs-out-of-it/589775/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-function-of-code-switching-in-selma-dabbaghs-out-of-it/589775.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cipher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does code-switching mean in this article?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Code-switching refers to shifting between two languages or two dialects while speaking or writing to create textual and cultural hybridity.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the article focus on code-switching in Selma Dabbagh’s Out of It?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It examines how Dabbagh uses code-switching—especially from English into Arabic—to address Palestinians’ concerns and maintain Palestinian belonging.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What literary and cultural effects can code-switching produce?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"In discourse and writing, code-switching can provoke literary, social, and cultural effects, such as signaling respect, expressing beliefs like the evil eye, and supporting solidarity with social groups.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},589775,1792607346,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","| \u003Cbr>Advances in Language and Literary Studies\u003Cbr>ISSN: 2203-4714\u003Cbr>[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| The Function of Code-Switching in Selma Dabbagh’s Out of It\u003Cbr>Bilal Tawfiq Hamamra, Salsabil Qararia *\u003Cbr>Department of English, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine\u003Cbr>Corresponding Author: Bilal Tawfiq Hamamra, [E-mail: bilalhamamra@najah.edu](E-mail: bilalhamamra@najah.edu) |  |\n| ARTICLE INFO\u003Cbr>Article history | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>Bilingualism and biculturalism have a very immediate impact on the make-up of literary works |\n| Received: December 19, 2017 | of bilingual and bicultural authors with immediate linguistic traces of bilingual and bicultural |\n| Accepted: March 10, 2018 | mosaic of textual creation. Code-switching is a linguistic and cultural practice used by |\n| Published: April 30, 2018 | bilinguals in writing and speaking. This article examines the linguistic and cultural |\n| Volume: 9 Issue: 2 | phenomenon of code-switching employed in Selma Dabbagh’s novel Out of It (2011) . We |\n| Advance access: March 2018 | argue that Dabbagh uses code-switching from English into Arabic so as to address the concerns |\n| Conflicts of interest: None | of Palestinians and maintain her Palestinian belonging. At the very beginning, we explain what is meant by code-switching and briefly elucidate the reasons why bilingual authors use this technique. Thereafter, we shed light on the author’s background and expound the different |\n| Funding: None | types of code-switching she employs in Out of It. The upshot of this article clears up cultural |\n| Key words: | and textual hybridity as the product of the application of code-switching. |\n| Selma Dabbagh, Out of It, |  |\n| Palestinian Culture,\u003Cbr>Code-Switching, |  |\n| Cultural and Textual Hybridity, Types and Categories of Code-Switching |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nCode-switching is a linguistic technique that refers to the act of shifting between two languages or two dialects while speaking or writing. Monica (1988) states that code-switching is “the use of more than one language in the course of a communicative episode” (p. 1) . This phenomenon is employed deliberately or consciously by bilinguals or multilinguals to create textual and cultural hybridity. Martin (2005) argues that:  \nFor multilingual authors, switching between two or more languages is not an arbitrary act, nor is it simply an attempt to mimic the speech of their communities; code-switching results from a conscious decision to create a desired effect and to promote the validity of authors ’ heritage language (pp. 403-404) .  \nSpeakers or writers of more than one language have the competence to code-switch between languages in order to transfer a specific message; “juxtaposing two codes can have a signaling value of its own”(Auer, 1995, p. 119) . Ervin-Tripp (1964) argues that the code or “variety” consists of a “systematic set of linguistic signals which co-occur in defining settings. For spoken languages, alternative codes may be vernaculars or superposed”(p.90) . Dabbagh uses  \nvernacular codes such as bisser (it happens) and Aanjad?(really?) rather than using standard codes (yumkin an yahduth: it happens, and haqqan?: really?) respectively because she, particularly, depicts the Palestinian culture in the novel.  \nCode-switching is used by bilinguals so as to compensate for insufficiency existing in a language. Crystal (1987) posits that “a speaker may not be able to express him/herself in one language so switches to the other to compensate for the deficiency”(cited in Skiba, 1997, p. 1) . This could be the result of cultural diversity where a concept or an object may not be found in the other culture. For example, muezzin or muethen (one who calls for prayer from the minaret of the mosque) is a religious concept that is absent in non-Islamic and non-Arabic speaking countries.  \nIn their discourse or writing, people code-switch in or-der to provoke some literary, social, and cultur","cbCaissjpwGkY47u","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaissjpwGkY47u","pdf",464410,"English","# Introduction\n## Code-switching as a linguistic technique\n## Functions and effects in bilingual discourse\n## Cultural concepts and respect expressions in the novel","[{\"question\":\"What does code-switching mean in this article?\",\"answer\":\"Code-switching refers to shifting between two languages or two dialects while speaking or writing to create textual and cultural hybridity.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the article focus on code-switching in Selma Dabbagh’s Out of It?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how Dabbagh uses code-switching—especially from English into Arabic—to address Palestinians’ concerns and maintain Palestinian belonging.\"},{\"question\":\"What literary and cultural effects can code-switching produce?\",\"answer\":\"In discourse and writing, code-switching can provoke literary, social, and cultural effects, such as signaling respect, expressing beliefs like the evil eye, and supporting solidarity with social groups.\"}]","The Function of Code-Switching in Selma Dabbagh’s Out of It | PDF",1792068095]