[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-595453-105":59,"doc-detail-595453-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-frustrated-career-casual-employment-in-higher-education","The frustrated career - casual employment in higher education","","The paper examines casual employment practices in Australian universities and the growing reliance on casual teaching and general staff over the past decade. It reviews broader Australian workplace trends, highlighting restrictions on rights and benefits and the long-term nature of casualisation. Using questionnaires and interviews at a regional Australian university across TAFE and higher education roles, the study finds staff in casual positions often hold multiple jobs across institutions and unsuccessfully use casual work as a career strategy, producing “frustrated careers.”",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-frustrated-career-casual-employment-in-higher-education/595453/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-frustrated-career-casual-employment-in-higher-education/595453.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blitz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What has research found about the changing profile of casual teachers in Australian universities?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Casual teachers are increasingly more likely to hold several casual jobs while seeking a career, rather than fitting the older “industry expert and student” profile. General staff in casual roles also often prefer job security and career progression.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the study investigate casual employment arrangements?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It used a questionnaire targeting staff across Technical and Further Education (TAFE) and higher education divisions in all occupational groups, supplemented by in-depth interviews with casual teaching staff at a regional Australian university.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the main outcome the paper reports about casual employment as a career strategy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The traditional profile does not apply; staff in casual positions frequently hold more than one job across more than one institution. They often use casual work as a career strategy but do so unsuccessfully, leading to “frustrated careers.”","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595453,1792170854,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","A U S T R A L I A N U N I V E R S I T I E S ’ R E V I E W  \nThe frustrated career: casual employment in higher education  \nLorene Gottschalk & Steve McEachern University of Ballarat  \nThe use of casual staff, including casual teaching staff, is a common practice in Australian universities and the numbers of casual staff in the sector has increased significantly in the last decade. The traditional profile for casual teachers was that of industry expert and students. Recent research has shown that the casual teacher is now more likely to be a person holding several casual jobs and seeking a career. Likewise, general staff in casual positions are often people who would prefer job security and a career. This research was conducted at a regional Australian university and used a questionnaire targeting staff in both the Technical and Further Education (TAFE) and higher education divisions in all occupational groups as well as in depth interviews of casual teaching staff. The findings show that the traditional profile no longer applies. Staff employed in casual positions often hold more than one job, at more than one institution and are seeking job security. They frequently, but unsuccessfully use casual work as a career strategy. The result is frustrated careers.  \nIntroduction  \nThe use of casual employment in the wider Australian workplace, including in higher education, is along-standing practice. It has risen, according to Burgess, Campbell and May (2008) from 15.8 per cent in 1984 to 26.9 per cent in 2006.They point out that the extent of casualisation varies by industry and exceeds 50 per cent in industries such as hospitality and retail. Through a cross-national comparison of modes of employment Campbell (2004) concluded that casualisation in Australia is distinctive in its restrictions of rights and benefits for casual employees, the high incidence and spread of casualisation and its long term nature. Whereas traditionally casual employment was used when there was a ‘special’need such as covering peak periods, absences or unpredictable demands, in  \nAustralia it is used by many employers for jobs that are predictable, long-term and on-going (Campbell, 2004) . The dominant characteristics of casual employees, according to the Australian Government Productivity Commission (AGPC), are that they work part-time, they are young (almost half are below the age of 25), they are female with care responsibilities and they are generally working in lower skilled occupations. Casual employment is more common in regional and rural areas influenced in part by the itinerant and seasonal  \nnature of agricultural work (AGPC, 2006, p. xxi) .  \nIn the higher education sector in the ten years prior to 2005, casual staff numbers increased by 40 per cent, while overall university employment only increased by 11 per cent (DEST, 2006) . Following a sustained push by the National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) high levels of fixed term and casual employment in the  \nvol. 52, no. 1, 2010 The frustrated career: casual employment in higher education, Lorene Gottschalk & Steve McEachern 37  \nA U S T R A L I A N U N I V E R S I T I E S ’ R E V I E W  \nuniversity sector led to the negotiation of the Higher Education Conditions of Employment (HECE) award in 1998, which limited the situations in which nonstandard modes of employment could be used. However HECE was overridden by legislative reform and the Higher Education Workplace Relations Requirements (HEWRRs) in 2005 which prescribed that no restrictions could be placed on the number of casual staff employed by a university (Rood, 2005; van Barneveld, 2009) . The present federal government abolished HEWRRs requirements. However, even prior to HEWRRs, casual employment periods of up to 10 years were reported in the higher education sector (Junor, 2004) . It remains to be seen whether the new political climate and the Fair Work Act (2009) will see a decrease in the use of casual staff.  \nThe positions for w","cbCailbbr4G24MZz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailbbr4G24MZz","pdf",259576,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Casualisation in the Australian workplace\n## Casual employment growth in higher education (pre-2005)\n## Policy and regulatory changes\n## Roles covered by casual employment\n## Typologies of casual academic staff","[{\"question\":\"What has research found about the changing profile of casual teachers in Australian universities?\",\"answer\":\"Casual teachers are increasingly more likely to hold several casual jobs while seeking a career, rather than fitting the older “industry expert and student” profile. General staff in casual roles also often prefer job security and career progression.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the study investigate casual employment arrangements?\",\"answer\":\"It used a questionnaire targeting staff across Technical and Further Education (TAFE) and higher education divisions in all occupational groups, supplemented by in-depth interviews with casual teaching staff at a regional Australian university.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main outcome the paper reports about casual employment as a career strategy?\",\"answer\":\"The traditional profile does not apply; staff in casual positions frequently hold more than one job across more than one institution. They often use casual work as a career strategy but do so unsuccessfully, leading to “frustrated careers.”\"}]","The frustrated career - casual employment in higher education | PDF",1792081172,35]