[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-613180-105":3,"doc-detail-613180-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-french-revolution-read-online-free","The French Revolution - read online free","","Explains the French Revolution through the social and political structure of the Old Regime. Covers absolutist rule, the three estates, privileges and tax burdens, and key economic pressures including agricultural dependence, poor harvests, and growing national debt tied to Louis XVI’s spending and wars. Introduces Enlightenment ideas that challenged divine-right monarchy, then outlines long- and short-term causes and major events such as preparations for the Estates-General, the Cahiers, voting deadlock, and the Tennis Court Oath.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-french-revolution-read-online-free/613180/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-french-revolution-read-online-free/613180.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation","2026-10-30","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How were people divided under the Old Regime in France?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"France was divided into three estates: the First Estate (high-ranking clergy), the Second Estate (nobility), and the Third Estate (everyone else, including peasants and wealthy bourgeoisie).","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why did economic conditions push France toward revolutionary change?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The economy relied largely on agriculture, so poor harvests made it hard for peasants to pay taxes. Government deficits grew due to spending by the king and costly wars, while privileged classes resisted being taxed.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What role did the Enlightenment play in challenging the monarchy?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The Enlightenment emphasized reason and logic rather than faith or superstition. It questioned the divine right of kings and encouraged people to apply rational principles to human institutions, including governments.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},613180,1792456139,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":86,"file_id":87,"file_url":88,"file_type":89,"file_size":90,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":91,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":96,"read_time":97,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","The French Revolution\n© Student Handouts, Inc.\nwww.studenthandouts.com\nThe Old Regime (Ancien Regime)\nOld Regime – socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18th century\nCountries were ruled by absolutism – the monarch had absolute control over the government\nClasses of people – privileged and unprivileged\nUnprivileged people – paid taxes and treated badly\nPrivileged people – did not pay taxes and treated well\nSociety under the Old Regime\nIn France, people were divided into three estates\nFirst Estate\nHigh-ranking members of the Church\nPrivileged class\nSecond Estate\nNobility\nPrivileged class\nThird Estate\nEveryone else – from peasants in the countryside to wealthy bourgeoisie merchants in the cities\nUnprivileged class\nThe Three Estates\nEstate\nPopulation\nPrivileges\nExemptions\nBurdens\nFirst\nCirca 130,000\nHigh-ranking clergy\nCollected the tithe\nCensorship of the press\nControl of education\nKept records of births, deaths, marriages, etc.\nCatholic faith held honored position of being the state religion (practiced by monarch and nobility)\nOwned 20% of the land\nPaid no taxes\nSubject to Church law rather than civil law\nMoral obligation (rather than legal obligation) to assist the poor and needy\nSupport the monarchy and Old Regime\nSecond\nCirca 110,000\nNobles\nCollected taxes in the form of feudal dues\nMonopolized military and state appointments\nOwned 20% of the land\nPaid no taxes\nSupport the monarchy and Old Regime\nThird\nCirca 25,000,000\nEveryone else:  artisans, bourgeoisie, city workers, merchants, peasants, etc., along with many parish priests\nNone\nNone\nPaid all taxes\nTithe (Church tax)\nOctrot (tax on goods brought into cities)\nCorvée (forced road work)\nCapitation (poll tax)\nVingtiéme (income tax)\nGabelle (salt tax)\nTaille (land tax)\nFeudal dues for use of local manor’s winepress, oven, etc.\nWhat does this contemporary political cartoon say about conditions in France under the Old Regime?\nGovernment under the Old Regime:The Divine Right of Kings\nMonarch ruled by divine right\nGod put the world in motion\nGod put some people in positions of power\nPower is given by God\nNo one can question God\nNo one can question someone put in power by God\nQuestioning the monarchy was blasphemy because it meant questioning God\nWhat the King Did\nEconomic Conditions under theOld Regime\nFrance’s economy was based primarily on agriculture\nPeasant farmers of France bore the burden of taxation\nPoor harvests meant that peasants had trouble paying their regular taxes\nCertainly could not afford to have their taxes raised\nBourgeoisie often managed to gather wealth\nBut were upset that they paid taxes while nobles did not\nFrance Is Bankrupt\nThe king (Louis XVI) lavished money on himself and residences like Versailles\nQueen Marie Antoinette was seen as a wasteful spender\nGovernment found its funds depleted as a result of wars\nIncluding the funding of the American Revolution\nDeficit spending – a government spending more money than it takes in from tax revenues\nPrivileged classes would not submit to being taxed\nPhilosophy of the French Revolution: The Enlightenment (Age of Reason)\nScientists during the Renaissance had discovered laws that govern the natural world\nIntellectuals – philosophes – began to ask if natural laws might also apply to human beings\nParticularly to human institutions such as governments\nPhilosophes were secular in thinking – they used reason and logic, rather than faith, religion, and superstition, to answer important questions\nUsed reason and logic to determine how governments are formed\nTried to figure out what logical, rational principles work to tie people to their governments\nQuestioned the divine right of kings\nLong- and Short-term Causes\nLong-term causes\nAlso known as underlying causes\nCauses which can stem back many years\nShort-term causes\nAlso known as immediate causes\nCauses which happen close to the moment the change or action happens\nExample:  A person is fired from his or her job.\nLong-term cause(s): The person is ","cbCaigbgHQiuIGP3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigbgHQiuIGP3","pptx",6262552,57,"English","# The Old Regime (Ancien Regime)\n## Divine Right of Kings\n## The Three Estates\n## Economic Conditions and Debt\n## The Enlightenment and Causes\n# Long- and Short-Term Causes\n## Preparing for the Estates-General\n## Estates-General Meeting (May 5, 1789)\n## Tennis Court Oath","[{\"question\":\"How were people divided under the Old Regime in France?\",\"answer\":\"France was divided into three estates: the First Estate (high-ranking clergy), the Second Estate (nobility), and the Third Estate (everyone else, including peasants and wealthy bourgeoisie).\"},{\"question\":\"Why did economic conditions push France toward revolutionary change?\",\"answer\":\"The economy relied largely on agriculture, so poor harvests made it hard for peasants to pay taxes. Government deficits grew due to spending by the king and costly wars, while privileged classes resisted being taxed.\"},{\"question\":\"What role did the Enlightenment play in challenging the monarchy?\",\"answer\":\"The Enlightenment emphasized reason and logic rather than faith or superstition. It questioned the divine right of kings and encouraged people to apply rational principles to human institutions, including governments.\"}]","The French Revolution - read online free | PPTX",1792384909,144,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":99},[100,104,108,111,116,120,125,130,135,138,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},70,"exam",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":122,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":129},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":134},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":137},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":139,"slug":141},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":143,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":144,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":145},19,"General","general"]