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As productivity rose, employment demand lagged, producing insecurity and unemployment, prompting shortening of hours while wage loss and continued instability persisted.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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present important reasons the five-day week of forty working hours should be generally adopted.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the text explain machinery’s effect on working hours and labor needs?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Machinery reduced the time required for jobs, increased output per day, and allowed more work to be completed with less help, reshaping the length and structure of the workday.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why does the author argue that shortening hours did not fully solve unemployment?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Despite attempts to shorten the work week, millions continued to suffer from insecure employment because irregularity and productivity changes left industries with an insufficient need for labor at prevailing job 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week  \nCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISIONBIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET  \nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nRESTRICTIONS ON USE:  \nReproductions may not be made without permission trom Columbia University Libraries.  \nTECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA  \nFILM SIZE:          35mREDUCTION RATIO:            9:1  \nIMAGE PLACEMENT:IA  \nDATE FILMED:                   5/5/9  \nINITIALS:           \nTRACKING\\#:                                                                                        23743  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \nDedicated To My Mother  \nFIVE-DAY WEEK  \nBy GEORGE S.HARRIS  \nTo Mr.2m.?ulao hy Butte  \nDpitAl au玩  \n。e从rrz  \n811 taLey s古己  \n&cReneet场di,y.  \n93  \nCOPYRIGHTED 1929  \nPaublished by theSCHENECTADY HEROLD PRINTING CO.151 Barrett Street,Schenectady,N.Y.  \nINTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE  \n6he  \nFIVE-DAY WEEK  \nBy GEORGE S.HARRIS  \n么m.R:eholao mur  \nCou plimutR.  \n。!Ham  \n811 Qtawley  \nS右ee  \nheey./  \n91/29.  \nCOPYRIGHTED 1929  \nPublished by theSCHENECTADY HEROLD PRINTING Co.151 Barrett Street.Schenectady,N.Y.  \n# .\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nThe question of producing leisureby machinery is a popular subjectfor discussion and has been given aprominent place in newspapers andmagazines under the caption of\"THE 5 DAY WEEK.\"  \nIt involves the interests of thepeople and is discussed from variousview points consistent with diver-sified interests.  \nThe object of this paper is to pre-sent one of the most importantreasons why the“5 day week”should be generally adopted.Thispaper is not a scientific record,butis an interpretation of what hashappened and is happening to war-rant the immediate establishment ofthe five day week of forty workinghours.  \nA27,2 y0  \n6he  \n# FIVE-DAY WEEK\n\nThere was a time in the United States whencrude methods of doing work rendered impos-sible the establishment of a five day,forty hourwork week.Today,however,this importantquestion is being seriously considered by largenumbers of our people.Industrial Captains arealready analyzing the possibilities of such aworking schedule.Let us then briefly inquireinto the causes which have brought about thissignificant change in attitude.  \nCyrus H.MeCormick was born in WalnutGrove,Virginia in 1809.In 1831 he built thefirst practical reaping machine.By 1842 theagricultural machinery that he invented hadbeen introduced on an extensive scale in thiscountry.Before these devices had made theirappearance,the simplest tasks had consumedlong tedious hours of physical effort.Follow-ing the use of new mechanical devices,resultswere immediately noticeable.First,the time re-quired to do a job had been reduced;second,the amount of work which could be completedduring the working day had been increased,and third,it was discovered that less help wasneeded.The effective work-day had been pro-longed,as it were,so that it was possible to do  \ntwo or more days work with less help in oneday.Man had discovered through machinery,a way to steal a march on Old Father Time.About 1850,the effect of machinery on thefarms showed itself in an increase in the num-ber of workers made available for other kindsof employment.Farm machinery between 1850and 1920 has caused the release of approx-imately 27,000,000 farm workers in the UnitedStates.During the year 1926,more than 1,000-000 workers were released from farms in thiscountry.  \nAssuming that our population in 1950 will besix times larger than that of 1850,no more farmworkers will be required to supply suficientfood for a population of 150,000,000 than wererequired in 1850 for a population of 25,000,000.  \nThese millions of workers thus provided thefactories with an adequate supply of labor.Thismade possible the development and productionof all the new and improved commodities thacwe use today.The introduction of labor-savingmachinery in agriculture made possible thedevelopment of the factories,and marked thefirst important step in the great machine age.For","cbCaig2Bze11bblR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig2Bze11bblR","pdf",1002914,22,"English","# Introduction\n## Machinery, time, and labor supply\n## The rise of industrial labor needs\n## Productivity and unemployment effects","[{\"question\":\"What is the paper’s main purpose regarding the five-day week?\",\"answer\":\"To present important reasons the five-day week of forty working hours should be generally adopted.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text explain machinery’s effect on working hours and labor needs?\",\"answer\":\"Machinery reduced the time required for jobs, increased output per day, and allowed more work to be completed with less help, reshaping the length and structure of the workday.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the author argue that shortening hours did not fully solve unemployment?\",\"answer\":\"Despite attempts to shorten the work week, millions continued to suffer from insecure employment because irregularity and productivity changes left industries with an insufficient need for labor at prevailing job levels.\"}]","The five-day week - Five-day week | PDF",1789967731,55]