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It evaluates civil and criminal remedies available to victims across multiple jurisdictions while focusing on treatment of relevant facts under English law. The analysis addresses litigation risk for bona fide purchasers and proposes registration with art databases as a notice solution.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-fine-art-of-fraud-vol-xxvii-issue-4-art-antiquity-and-law/291912/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-fine-art-of-fraud-vol-xxvii-issue-4-art-antiquity-and-law/291912.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aditya","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What were the key fraudulent methods used by Timothy Sammons and Inigo Philbrick?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Sammons misinformed consignors about sale timing, used entrusted works as personal collateral for loans, and redirected sale proceeds to other victims. Philbrick ran a Ponzi-like “carousel” using the same works as collateral or resold them repeatedly.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the article frame the legal remedies for victims of art fraud?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It examines both civil and criminal remedies, with a focus on civil law being more relevant to asset recovery. It applies legal principles to factual scenarios and discusses the limits of civil protection for original owners and bona fide purchasers.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why are prospects of recovery described as slim?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The article notes bankruptcy of Sammons and prosecution statements that Philbrick lacks sufficient assets to satisfy victims, leaving victims to pursue civil litigation across jurisdictions to resolve disputed ownership claims.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},291912,1789647253,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962085564549,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","The Fine Art of Fraud  \nNatalia Faekova,* Michelle George,† Laurence Lieberman‡  \n“Timothy Sammons had lying, scamming and stealing down to a fine art”, said the Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr after the British art dealer was sentenced in July 2019 to four to twelve years in prison for defrauding his clients of up to $30 million.1 A former head of Sotheby’s Chinese art department who had galleries in London and New York and who brokered multimillion-pound deals for wealthy clients, misinformed consignors about the timing of certain sales, used works entrusted to him as personal collateral to secure millions of dollars in loans and redirected proceeds of sales to pay off other victims of his Ponzi-like scheme, between 2010 and 2015.  \nFollowing closely on, from 2015 to 2019, Inigo Philbrick, dubbed the ‘Mini-Madoff’2 of the art world, also ran a Ponzi-like scheme or rather “a carousel on which the same works were sold or used as collateral for loans more than once”.3 Through his galleries in Mayfair and Miami, Philbrick scammed at least 23 victims, ranging from individual art collectors to well-established gallerists, investors and lenders. Estimated losses from his fraud exceed $86 million.4 This year he was sentenced in the US to seven years in prison.5  \nWhile worthy of a Netflix mini-series, the adventures of Philbrick, Sammons and others like them6 have a real-life cost to their victims. Philbrick’s fraud has “led to an immense financial loss” for Daniel Tümpel, and his family, and has turned “the last two and a half  \n1 Anna Brady,‘Timothy Sammons ‘Very Remorseful’ as he is Jailed for Defrauding Clients of up to $30m’, Art Newspaper, 1 Aug. 2019  \n2 Victoria Bekiempis,‘TheArt World’s ‘Mini Madoff’ Sentenced to 84 Months for His $86 Million Fraud’, Rolling Stone, 23 May 2022.  \n3 Kenny Schachter,‘TheArt World’s Mini-Madoff and Me Boozy Nights and High-Stakes Art Trades with Inigo Philbrick’, Vulture, 16 March 2020.  \n4 US Attorney Damian Williams in The Government’s Sentencing Memorandum, United States of America v. Inigo Philbrick, 4 April 2022, p. 18.  \n5 Bob Van Voris,‘Art Dealer Inigo Philbrick Gets 7 Years in Prison for $86 Million Fraud’,  \nBloomberg, 23 May 2022: \u003C[www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-23/art-dealer](www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-23/art-dealer)philbrick-gets-7-years-for-86-million-fraud> .  \n6 The art world has no shortage of similar, albeit smaller scale, examples. Ezra Chowaiki, a Manhattan art dealer, who sold artwork, purportedly on consignment, without the owners’authorisation, took money from clients purportedly to purchase artwork, and kept the money but purchased no art, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 18 months in prison, in 2018. Michael Cohen ran a similar scheme in New York in 2001 and is now a subject of a BBC documentary ‘The $50mArt Swindle’. Andy Valmorbida, dealer and promoter of Richard Hambleton’s paintings confessed to forging documents and obtaining loans on art works which he did not own, during civil proceedings in Jersey in 2021.  \n* Associate, Taylor Wessing LLP.  \n† Senior Associate, Taylor Wessing LLP.  \n‡ Partner, Taylor Wessing LLP.  \nVol. XXVII, Issue 4 Art Antiquity and Law December 2022  \nyears into the most horrendous and difficult years of [their] lives.”7 Tümpel is the owner of Fine Art Partners, a former client of Philbrick’s, on whose behalf Philbrick purchased art works only to resell them to other investors without Fine Art Partners’knowledge, as well as using the art as collateral for loans.  \nThe prospects of recovery are slim. Sammons was declared bankrupt in 2017.8 Philbrick, it was said by the prosecution, does not have sufficient assets to pay his victims.9 As was summed up by US Attorney Damian Williams during Philbrick’s sentencing submissions:  \n[…] The defendant has left it up to his victims to fight amongst themselves to unravel his fraudulent art deals and recover their losses. Many civil lawsuits filed by victims in vari","cbCaigUzQQDUlsoU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigUzQQDUlsoU","pdf",439066,23,"English","# Case Studies in Fraud\n## The Signac","[{\"question\":\"What were the key fraudulent methods used by Timothy Sammons and Inigo Philbrick?\",\"answer\":\"Sammons misinformed consignors about sale timing, used entrusted works as personal collateral for loans, and redirected sale proceeds to other victims. Philbrick ran a Ponzi-like “carousel” using the same works as collateral or resold them repeatedly.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article frame the legal remedies for victims of art fraud?\",\"answer\":\"It examines both civil and criminal remedies, with a focus on civil law being more relevant to asset recovery. It applies legal principles to factual scenarios and discusses the limits of civil protection for original owners and bona fide purchasers.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are prospects of recovery described as slim?\",\"answer\":\"The article notes bankruptcy of Sammons and prosecution statements that Philbrick lacks sufficient assets to satisfy victims, leaving victims to pursue civil litigation across jurisdictions to resolve disputed ownership claims.\"}]","The Fine Art of Fraud - Vol. XXVII - Issue 4 - Art Antiquity and Law | PDF",58]