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For example, families of children with special needs are at risk, as are families facing other stressful circumstances, such as poverty or parental mental illness. This article builds on previous action research by Plavčak (2020) and introduces a new research problem. We conducted a qualitative analysis of action diary data to answer two new research questions: 1) In what forms did vulnerability appear in students’ families, and 2) What approaches did professionals use to reduce perceived vulnerability? Our findings suggest that families of children with special needs should be approached with sensitivity, flexibility, and balanced interventions. It is important to understand families in the context of their lives, including the emotional stages of caring for a child with special needs and other difficult circumstances they may face. Interventions should be tailored to the specific needs of families and developed collaboratively with them.  \nKeywords: vulnerability reduction approaches, families with children with special needs, vulnerability  \n1 National Education Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia; [darja.plavcak2@gmail.com](darja.plavcak2@gmail.com).  \n156 the families of special needs children from the perspective of vulnerability  \nDružine z otroki s posebnimi potrebami z vidikaranljivosti  \nDarja Plavčak  \n• Ranljivost se lahko razvije pri vsakem posamezniku zaradi težkih ži-vljenjskih okoliščin. Dejavniki tveganja za nastanek ranljivosti so tako vdružinah z otroki s posebnimi potrebami kot tudi v družinah z drugimistresnimi razmerami, kot so revščina ali duševne bolezni staršev. V članku je predstavljen nov raziskovalni problem, ki se nanaša na žeizvedeno akcijsko raziskavo (Plavčak, 2020) . S kvalitativno analizo podatkov iz akcijskega dnevnika smo odgovorili na novi dve raziskovalnivprašanji: (1) v katerih oblikah se je pri družinah z učenci s posebnimi potrebami pojavljala ranljivost in (2) katere pristope smo strokovni delavci uporabili, da bi zmanjšali zaznano ranljivost. Rezultati kažejo, da jetreba do družin z otroki s posebnimi potrebami pristopiti z občutkom, prožnostjo in uravnoteženostjo intervencij. Družine je treba razumeti v njihovem življenjskem kontekstu, upoštevaje faze čustvovanja pri skrbi za otroka s posebnimi potrebami in morebitne druge težke okoliščine. Intervencije naj bodo usmerjene v projekte pomoči, ki izhajajo iz konkretnih potreb družin, in naj nastajajo v sodelovanju z njimi.  \nKljučne besede: pristopi za zmanjšanje ranljivosti, družine z otroki s posebnimi potrebami, ranljivost  \nIntroduction  \nThe literature review examines the concept of vulnerability, explores various forms ofit in families with children with special needs (SN), and discusses practitioner approaches to addressing vulnerability. The introduction concludes by presenting the research problem and associated research questions.  \nLiterature overview  \nThe concept of vulnerability  \nFeetham and Deatrick (2002) note that the definition of vulnerability is shaped by factors such as family, culture, and society and that populations at risk can include minorities, immigrants, refugees, women, and families living in poverty. Knitzer and Lefkowitz (2006) add that vulnerability is caused by a combination of risk factors that may be present in the child, in the family, or in the environment. One example of a risk factor could be a life circumstance such as single parenthood or teenage parenting or an individual’s lack of employment or education. There is also a risk of vulnerability when parents are unable to provide adequately for their children for a variety of reasons (e.g., depression, inconsistent parenting, violence, and substance abuse). Teixeira de Melo and Alarcão (2011) agree that an","cbCaipCpGQIwvU4p","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipCpGQIwvU4p","pdf",167625,16,"English","# Introduction\n# Literature overview\n## The concept of vulnerability\n## Some possible forms of vulnerability experienced by families with SN children","[{\"question\":\"What does the article mean by “vulnerability” in families with special needs children?\",\"answer\":\"Vulnerability refers to an increased likelihood of negative psychological, physical, social, or developmental outcomes when individuals are exposed to risk factors. The concept is shaped by family, culture, society, and the presence of intersecting risks.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the authors study vulnerability?\",\"answer\":\"The authors conducted a qualitative analysis of action diary data. The study builds on previous action research and is structured around two research questions about how vulnerability appears and how professionals reduce it.\"},{\"question\":\"What approaches do professionals use to reduce perceived vulnerability?\",\"answer\":\"The findings indicate that interventions should be sensitive, flexible, and balanced, and should be tailored to families’ specific needs. Approaches should be developed collaboratively and grounded in the families’ broader life context and emotional stages of caring.\"}]","The Families of Special Needs Children from the Perspective of Vulnerability - Research Article | PDF",1792086922]