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Tumor and normal tissues were assessed for SHMT2 expression by immunohistochemistry and clinical bioinformatics tools, with associations tested via chi-square, survival analyses, and online pathway databases. Results show elevated SHMT2 in GC, linking high expression to worse overall survival and clinicopathologic features such as tumor size and TNM stage. SHMT2-vessel invasion-M-stage emerged as independent predictors, with bioinformatics suggesting roles in proliferation, DNA repair, and replication, supporting SHMT2 as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-expression-and-clinical-significance-of-serine-hydroxymethyltransferase2-in-gastric-cancer/331794/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-expression-and-clinical-significance-of-serine-hydroxymethyltransferase2-in-gastric-cancer/331794.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jiven","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is SHMT2 and why is it studied in gastric cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"SHMT2 is an enzyme central to serine metabolism. Its prognostic role in gastric cancer had not been studied prior to this work, motivating the investigation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was SHMT2 expression measured and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"SHMT2 expression in tumors and normal tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and clinical bioinformatics resources. Associations with clinical features and survival were analyzed with chi-square tests, survival analyses, and online databases.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the main clinical findings about SHMT2 in gastric cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"SHMT2 expression is higher in gastric cancer and high SHMT2 correlates with worse overall survival. SHMT2 also relates to tumor size and TNM stage, and it is an independent prognostic risk factor alongside vessel invasion and M stage.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331794,1790196498,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","Submitted 21 April 2023  \nAccepted 14 November 2023  \nPublished 4 January 2024 Corresponding author Yanwei Ye, [yeyanwei66@163.com](yeyanwei66@163.com)[ ](yeyanwei66@163.com)Academic editor  \nXin Zhang  \nAdditional Information and Declarations can be found on page 12  \nDOI 10.7717/peerj.16594  \n Copyright 2024 Shan et al.  \nDistributed under  \nCreative Commons CC-BY 4.0  \nThe expression and clinical significance of serine hydroxymethyltransferase2 in gastric cancer  \nYiming Shan*, Dongdong Liu *, Yingze Li, Chu Wu and Yanwei Ye  \nDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China  \n* These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the digestive system. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is one of the key enzymes associated with serine metabolism. However, the prognostic role of SHMT2 in GC carcinogenesis has yet to be studied.  \nMethods: The expression of SHMT2 in human tumors and normal tissues was detected by the Assistant for Clinical Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) . The relationship of the expression of SHMT2 with clinical characteristics and survival data was analysed by the chi-square test, survival analysis and online databases. Finally, the correlation between SHMT2 expression and associated signalling channels, and molecules was analysed by online databases.  \nResults: SHMT2 was strongly expressed in numerous human cancers. The expression rate of SHMT2 was 56.44% in GC (P = 0.018) . The survival analysis indicated that patients with high expression of SHMT2 had the worse overall survival (OS; log-rank P = 0.007) . The expression of SHMT2 was correlated with tumour size (P = 0.034) and, TNM stage (P = 0.042) . In particular, SHMT2, vessel invasion and M stage were independent factors for OS in GC (P = 0.044, P \u003C 0.001, P \u003C 0.001) . The SHMT2 gene was substantially correlated with cell signalling pathways. Conclusions: SHMT2 is highly expressed in GC and is associated with a poor prognosis. The exploration of its mechanism may be related to tumour proliferation, DNA repair and replication. SHMT2 is an independent prognostic risk factor and a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.  \nSubjects Bioinformatics, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oncology  \nKeywords SHMT2, Gastric cancer, Prognosis, Biomarker INTRODUCTION  \nGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the digestive system with high mortality globally. Research has shown that the 5 year survival rate of advanced gastric cancer is less than 10%(Zeng & Jin, 2021) . Most patients were already in an advanced stage when they were diagnosed and had a poor prognosis (Chen et al., 2021) . At present, targeted therapy and targeted treatment are the focus of tumour research. A previous report showed that trastuzumab could be used for patients with Her-2 gene  \nHow to cite this article Shan Y, Liu D, Li Y, Wu C, Ye Y. 2024. The expression and clinical significance of serine hydroxymethyltransferase2 in gastric cancer. PeerJ 12:e16594 DOI 10.7717/peerj.16594  \noverexpression in combination with chemotherapy (Meric-Bernstam et al., 2019). Apatiniband pembrolizumab have also shown effectiveness in the treatment of advanced GC (Kawazoe et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2022) . However, their clinical benefits are so limited that the overall effect is not evident. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore new targetsand effective treatments for advanced GC. In our research, we previously focused on Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 (FGFR4) .  \nWe found that the expression of the SHMT2 protein decreased when the expression of FGFR4 was knocked down; the proliferation experiment showed that the proliferation ability of SHMT2 decreased when FGFR4 was knocked down. Therefore, we chose SHMT2 for subsequent studies. SHMT2, a key enzyme of ser","cbCaivahpZLFCZGt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivahpZLFCZGt","pdf",10698108,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n## Differential expression of SHMT2 in multiple human tumours\n## SHMT2 gene expression differences","[{\"question\":\"What is SHMT2 and why is it studied in gastric cancer?\",\"answer\":\"SHMT2 is an enzyme central to serine metabolism. Its prognostic role in gastric cancer had not been studied prior to this work, motivating the investigation.\"},{\"question\":\"How was SHMT2 expression measured and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"SHMT2 expression in tumors and normal tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and clinical bioinformatics resources. Associations with clinical features and survival were analyzed with chi-square tests, survival analyses, and online databases.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main clinical findings about SHMT2 in gastric cancer?\",\"answer\":\"SHMT2 expression is higher in gastric cancer and high SHMT2 correlates with worse overall survival. SHMT2 also relates to tumor size and TNM stage, and it is an independent prognostic risk factor alongside vessel invasion and M stage.\"}]","The expression and clinical significance of serine hydroxymethyltransferase2 in gastric cancer | PDF",1789995187,38]