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Since the early 20th century, Finland developed from an inward-looking agrarian society into an economically and technologically advanced industrialized state, making English learning inevitable for Finns. Plurilingual and pluricultural competence and democratic citizenship education emerge as goals.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-evolution-of-english-language-teaching-during-societal-transition-in-finland-a-mutual-relationship-or-a-distinctive-process/593584/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-evolution-of-english-language-teaching-during-societal-transition-in-finland-a-mutual-relationship-or-a-distinctive-process/593584.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Jasmine","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What does the study focus on regarding English language teaching in Finland?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study investigates how English language teaching evolved in Finland and how societal and educational changes explain that evolution.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What connections does the study find between society and language teaching?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Language teaching methodology and the status of foreign languages are shown to be clearly connected to changes in Finnish society and its education system.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why is English portrayed as increasingly necessary in Finnish society?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The study explains that Finland’s societal development made learning English inevitable, while other foreign languages were also considered needed.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},593584,1792172345,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336478487870,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Australian Journal of Teacher Education  \n\n| Volume 39 | Issue 11 | Article 3 |\n| --- | --- |\n\n2014  \nThe Evolution of English Language Teaching during Societal Transition in Finland –A mutual relationship or a distinctive process?  \nRiittaJaatinen  \nUniversity of Tampere, [riitta.jaatinen@uta.fi](riitta.jaatinen@uta.fi)  \nToni Saarivirta  \nUniversity of Tampere, [toni.saarivirta@uta.fi](toni.saarivirta@uta.fi)  \nRecommended Citation  \nJaatinen, R., & Saarivirta, T. (2014). The Evolution of English Language Teaching during Societal Transition in Finland –A mutual relationship or a distinctive process?. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39 (11).  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2014v39n11.3](http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2014v39n11.3)  \nThis Journal Article is posted at Research Online.  \n[http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol39/iss11/3](http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol39/iss11/3)  \nAustralian Journal of Teacher Education  \nThe Evolution of English Language Teaching during Societal Transition in Finland – A mutual relationship or a distinctive process?  \nRiitta Jaatinen,  \nToni Saarivirta*  \nSchool of Education, University of Tampere, Finland  \nAbstract: This study describes the evolution of English language  \nteaching in Finland and looks into the connections of the societal and  \neducational changes in the country as explanatory factors in the process.  \nThe results of the study show that the language teaching methodology  \nand the status of foreign languages in Finland are clearly connected to  \nthe changes in society and its education system. Since the first decade of  \nthe 20th century, Finnish society has developed from an inward-looking  \nagrarian country into an economically and technologically advanced  \nand industrialized society joining in various ways to the rest of Europe  \nand global community. In that process, learning English has become  \ninevitable for every Finn, although it is commonly agreed that other  \nforeign languages are needed, as well. As a consequence, the  \nplurilingual and pluricultural competence and democratic citizenship  \neducation have become goals in language teaching.  \nKeywords  \nEnglish language teaching, Finnish education policy, societal and economic transformation  \n1. Introduction  \nEnglish is the dominant foreign language in Finland nowadays. Every Finnish child studies English at school and almost everyone in Finland can speak English. Trade, sciences, cultural life and media all use English. It has become a necessity in our society. But this has not always been the case. English began to gain ground as the number-one language after the Second World War. Little by little, it has won the battle over other languages, and some people even say (Leppä[nen et. al](nen et. al), 2011), it is threatening the status of the mother tongue in Finland. In our study, we have endeavoured to find out how this has happened. Our purpose has been to investigate how the education system has developed in the societal transition of Finnish society during the 1900s and at the beginning of the millennium and whether the societal and educational changes have connections to the evolution of English language teaching in Finnish society. We wanted to find out whether the development of language teaching and that of the society and its educational system have been a mutual or distinctive processes and how such processes have emerged in the history of Finnish society.  \nThis paper depicts a brief history of the development of the Finnish education system in the context of Finland’s societal change. Both the early history of Finnish schooling and the rise of the Finnish comprehensive school are discussed, and the  \n* Corresponding author  \nVol 39, 11, November 2014 29  \nAustralian Journal of Teacher Education  \ncharacteristics of the modern Finnish school and the modern Finnish educational policy from a centrally planned system to a distributed system are also described. Next we concentrate on the evolution of the ","cbCaidLtA98PKWEE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidLtA98PKWEE","pdf",146609,17,"English","# 1. Introduction\n# 2. A Brief History of the Education System in Finnish Societal Change\n## Early History of Finnish Schooling","[{\"question\":\"What does the study focus on regarding English language teaching in Finland?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates how English language teaching evolved in Finland and how societal and educational changes explain that evolution.\"},{\"question\":\"What connections does the study find between society and language teaching?\",\"answer\":\"Language teaching methodology and the status of foreign languages are shown to be clearly connected to changes in Finnish society and its education system.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is English portrayed as increasingly necessary in Finnish society?\",\"answer\":\"The study explains that Finland’s societal development made learning English inevitable, while other foreign languages were also considered needed.\"}]","The Evolution of English Language Teaching during Societal Transition in Finland - A Mutual Relationship or a Distinctive Process? | PDF",1792077525,43]