[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-138766-105":59,"doc-detail-138766-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-evaluation-of-atomic-masses-tutorial-lecture","The Evaluation of Atomic Masses - tutorial lecture","","The lecture explains how experimental nuclear data for the 2830 observed nuclides are evaluated to produce adopted atomic masses. It outlines the philosophy, strategies, and procedures behind the two horizontal static-data evaluations led by the speaker: the Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME) and the Nubase evaluation. The talk reviews the historical growth of nuclear physics, the need for homogeneous treatment with traceability, and the distinction between static and dynamic nuclear properties. It then focuses on static nuclear data sources such as the ENSDF dataset.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-evaluation-of-atomic-masses-tutorial-lecture/138766/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-evaluation-of-atomic-masses-tutorial-lecture/138766.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kyle","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-21","2026-08-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the main goals of evaluating atomic masses in AME and Nubase?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The evaluations aim to sort and homogenize experimental results for many nuclides, compare conflicting measurements, and derive adopted atomic-mass values while preserving traceability to the conditions of acquisition.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What distinguishes “static” from “dynamic” nuclear data?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Static nuclear properties cover ground-state and level properties at rest or nearly at rest, such as masses, radii, magnetic moments, and decay characteristics. Dynamic nuclear properties include reaction cross-sections, mechanisms, and related spectroscopic information.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is homogeneous treatment and traceability important for nuclear data?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because the large body of information must be consistently processed, different data sets for the same quantity must be compared and combined or averaged, and the resulting adopted values should remain linked to the experimental conditions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},138766,1787487827,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},3985741905716,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Hyper􀀜ne Interactions 0 (2000) 1􀀕10 1  \nThe Evaluation of Atomic Masses 􀀃  \nGeorges Audi  \nCentre de Spec trométrie Nucléaire et de Spec trométrie de Masse, CSNSM,  \nIN2P3-CNRS and UPS, Bâtiment 108, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France  \nThe ensemble of experimental data on the 2830 nuclides which have been observed since the beginning of Nuclear Physics are being evaluated, according to their nature, by di􀀛erent methods and by di􀀛erent groups. The two 􀀐horizontal􀀑 evaluations in which I am in olved: the Atomic Mass Evaluation Ame and the Nubase aluation  \nv ev  \nbelong to the class of 􀀐static\" nuclear data. In this tutorial lecture I will explain and discuss in detail the philosophy, the strategies and the procedures used in the  \nevaluation of atomic masses.  \n1. The Nuclear Data  \nNuclear Physics started a little bit more than 100 years ago with the discoveries of Henri Becquerel and Pierre and Marie Curie. First, it was a science of curiosity exhibiting phenomena unusual for that time. It is not until the late thirties, well after the discovery of arti􀀜cial radioactivity by Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie, that the research in that domain tended to accelerate drastically and that Nuclear Physics became more and more a quantitative science.  \nSince then, scientists have accumulated a huge amount of data on a large number of nuclides. Today there are some 2830 variations on the combination of protons and neutrons that have been observed. Although this number seems large, specially compared to the 6 000 to 7 000 that are predicted to exist, one should be aware that the numbers of protons and neutrons constituting a nuclide are not really independant. Their special correlation form a relatively narrow band around a line called the bottom of the valley of stability. In Fig. 1 this is illustrated for the known masses (colored ones) across the chart of nuclides. In other words, nuclear data put almost no constraint in isospin on nuclear models. From there follows the tendency of nuclear physicists to study exotic nuclides.  \nSometimes remeasurement of the same physical quantity improved a previous result; sometimes it entered in con􀀝ict with it. The interest of the physicist has also evolved with time: the quantities considered varied importantly, scanning all sort of data from cross sections to masses, from half-lives to magnetic moments, from radii to superdeformed bands.  \n􀀃 This tutorial lecture is dedicated to A. H. Wapstra on the occasion of his 78th anniversary.  \n2 G. Audi / The Evaluation of Atomic Masses  \nFigure 1 . Chart of nuclides for the precision on masses. Only the known masses are colored, exhibiting crudely the narrowness of the valley of our knowledge in this immense landscape. Would these 1970 known masses been scattered around in the (N ; Z ) plane, our understanding  \nof the nucleus would have been completely changed.  \nThus, we are left nowadays with an enormous quantity of information on the atomic nucleus that need to be sorted, treated in a homogeneous way, while keeping traceability of the conditions under which they were obtained. When necessary, di􀀛erent data yielding values for the same physical quantity need tobe compared, combined or averaged to derive an adopted value. Such values will be used in domains of physics that can be very far from nuclear physics, like half-lives in geo-chronology, cross-sections in proton-therapy, or masses in the determination of the 􀀋 􀀜ne structure constant.  \nThere are two classes of nuclear data: one class is for data related to nuclidesat rest (or almost at rest); and the other class is for those related to nuclidic dynamics. In the 􀀜rst class, one 􀀜nds ground-state and level properties, whereas the second encompasses reaction properties and mechanisms.  \nNuclear ground-state masses and radii; magnetic moments; thermal neutron capture cross-sections; half-lives, spins and parities of excited and ground-state levels; the relative position (excitation energies) of these le","cbCaiinALyDMV20U","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiinALyDMV20U","pdf",685358,28,"English","# The Nuclear Data\n## Static vs dynamic nuclear data\n# Static nuclear data\n## The ENSDF: data for nuclear structure","[{\"question\":\"What are the main goals of evaluating atomic masses in AME and Nubase?\",\"answer\":\"The evaluations aim to sort and homogenize experimental results for many nuclides, compare conflicting measurements, and derive adopted atomic-mass values while preserving traceability to the conditions of acquisition.\"},{\"question\":\"What distinguishes “static” from “dynamic” nuclear data?\",\"answer\":\"Static nuclear properties cover ground-state and level properties at rest or nearly at rest, such as masses, radii, magnetic moments, and decay characteristics. Dynamic nuclear properties include reaction cross-sections, mechanisms, and related spectroscopic information.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is homogeneous treatment and traceability important for nuclear data?\",\"answer\":\"Because the large body of information must be consistently processed, different data sets for the same quantity must be compared and combined or averaged, and the resulting adopted values should remain linked to the experimental conditions.\"}]","The Evaluation of Atomic Masses - tutorial lecture | PDF",71]