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The introduction explains the author’s background, the document’s scope (500+ pages), and that transcription was done word-for-word while preserving spelling, punctuation, formatting, and line-to-line correspondence. Brackets in the text mark non-original uncertainty inserted by Kawerak, with guidance to consult the original handwritten version for quotations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":10,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/story-novel/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-eskimo-history-story-as-told-by-michael-francis-kazingnuk/399794/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-eskimo-history-story-as-told-by-michael-francis-kazingnuk/399794.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"jayni","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Who wrote and titled “The Eskimo History Story”?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Michael Francis Kazingnuk titled the handwritten manuscript “The Eskimo History Story” and began writing down his people’s history in 1937 from his perspective.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What was Kawerak’s Social Science Program’s role in this document?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Kawerak’s Social Science Program typed up the entire handwritten document to make it more accessible to the Native Village of Diomede, Bering Strait residents, researchers, and other interested parties.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How accurate is the transcription and how are uncertainties marked?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The transcription preserves original spelling, punctuation, grammar, formatting, and line correspondence, but errors may exist due to handwriting. Brackets [] were inserted by Kawerak to indicate uncertainty (e.g., [?]) or other important reader information.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},399794,1790548855,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":8,"category_name":10,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747859343,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","The Eskimo History Story  \nas told by Michael Francis Kazingnuk  \nTranscribed by Kawerak’s Social Science Program  \nIntroduction  \nDear Reader,  \nThe Kawerak Social Science Program is happy to share this unique piece of history with you. This document is a typed rendering of a handwritten document by Michael Francis Kazingnuk which he titled: The Eskimo History Story.  \nMr. Kazingnuk was born on Big Diomede Island and in 1937 began the process of writing down the history of his people, from his perspective. His handwritten document is over 500 pages long and includes personal reflections and experiences, Iñupiaq vocabulary, traditional stories, song lyrics and other invaluable information.  \nThe original document is housed at the Alaska State Library (asl_MS_ 197 folders 1-5) . The original document can be found on the Alaska State Library’s website at [http://www.library.state.ak.us/hist/hist_docs/docs/asl_MS_197.pdf](http://www.library.state.ak.us/hist/hist_docs/docs/asl_MS_197.pdf. We have)[. We have](http://www.library.state.ak.us/hist/hist_docs/docs/asl_MS_197.pdf. We have) included, in these introductory pages, a few images of the handwritten pages so that the reader can get a sense of that original document.  \nKawerak’s Social Science Program decided to undertake the large task of typing up the entire document so that it would be more easily accessible to the Native Village of Diomede, other residents of the Bering Strait region, researchers, and other interested parties. Lucinda Wieler, former Social Science Program Research Specialist, transcribed and proofed the majority of this document over the course of many months. Her patience and careful work are greatly appreciated.  \nPlease note that the document was transcribed word-for-word, preserving the original spelling, punctuation and grammar. We strove to be as accurate as possible, though due to the handwritten nature of the original text, there may be some errors in transcription. If you plan to use quotations from this document in other works, we encourage you to re-visit the original handwritten version. The document’s original formatting was also preserved. For example, one handwritten line is equivalent to one typed line in this document, and the text seen on one typed page in this document matches the handwritten text on one page in the original document. This was done so that the reader can more easily consult the original document to find the exact sections of text they are looking for. There are several places in the text where you will see brackets [] . These are not original to the text and were inserted by Kawerak to indicate our uncertainty about the transcription (e.g. [?]) or to convey other important information to the reader.  \nWe hope that you enjoy and find value in Mr. Kazingnuk’s work, as we have!  \nJulie Raymond-Yakoubian Nome, Alaska 2017  \nKawerak Inc.  \nSocial Science Program PO Box 948  \nNome, AK 99762-0948 907-443-5231  \n[socsci@kawerak.org](socsci@kawerak.org)  \n[www.kawerak.org/socialsci.html](www.kawerak.org/socialsci.html)  \nSuggested document citation:  \nKazingnuk, Michael Francis. 1937, 1940. The Eskimo History Story. Alaska State Library-Historical Collections, ASL MS 197, folders 1-5. As transcribed by the Kawerak Social Science Program, Nome, AK.  \nFirst Book of Bering Sea and Arctic Coast Eskimo history.  \nAs Told by Michael Francis Kazingnuk  \nThe Eskimo History Story – Michael Francis Kazingnuk  \nThe Eskimo History Story.  \nAs Told by Michael Francis Kazingnuk  \nNome Alaska November 12th 1937.  \nTold about my life story, and about what I have been learned of many things about the True Eskimo History Story.  \nI write and translate the Eskimo words to English words. The best I can.  \nAnd I write about my good luck and bad luck in life.  \nSomething strange told me, go ahead and sit down in chair and write about what I left behind  \nwhat happen in early days.  \nAnd, let my friends and people read and learn what I have done as good ","cbCaivzunURgZebQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivzunURgZebQ","pdf",1979804,526,"English","# Introduction\n## Document background and authorship\n## Transcription approach and preservation\n## Notes on brackets and consultation of originals","[{\"question\":\"Who wrote and titled “The Eskimo History Story”?\",\"answer\":\"Michael Francis Kazingnuk titled the handwritten manuscript “The Eskimo History Story” and began writing down his people’s history in 1937 from his perspective.\"},{\"question\":\"What was Kawerak’s Social Science Program’s role in this document?\",\"answer\":\"Kawerak’s Social Science Program typed up the entire handwritten document to make it more accessible to the Native Village of Diomede, Bering Strait residents, researchers, and other interested parties.\"},{\"question\":\"How accurate is the transcription and how are uncertainties marked?\",\"answer\":\"The transcription preserves original spelling, punctuation, grammar, formatting, and line correspondence, but errors may exist due to handwriting. Brackets [] were inserted by Kawerak to indicate uncertainty (e.g., [?]) or other important reader information.\"}]","The Eskimo History Story - As Told by Michael Francis Kazingnuk | PDF",1790502397,810]