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Epigenetic changes involve heritable alterations in gene expression independent of DNA sequence, with DNA methylation and promoter CpG island hypermethylation driving transcriptional repression, and hypomethylation supporting gene overexpression.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-epigenesis-of-salivary-glands-carcinoma-from-field-cancerization-to-carcinogenesis/375504/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-epigenesis-of-salivary-glands-carcinoma-from-field-cancerization-to-carcinogenesis/375504.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Logic","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are salivary gland carcinomas and why are they clinically challenging?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Salivary gland carcinomas are uncommon among carcinomas overall but common within head and neck tumors. Their diverse biology leads to marked differences in activity, clinical presentation, and microscopic appearance.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do epigenetic modifications contribute to salivary gland cancer?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression not caused by DNA sequence changes. They are linked to cancer formation, progression, and prognosis in salivary gland carcinomas.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What role does DNA methylation play in gene regulation in these cancers?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"DNA methylation is a key basic epigenetic process. CpG island hypermethylation at gene promoters can cause transcriptional repression, while hypomethylation can lead to gene overexpression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},375504,1790440056,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},1099513958762,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253","cancers   \nReview  \nThe Epigenesis of Salivary Glands Carcinoma: From Field Cancerization to Carcinogenesis  \nNorhafiza Mat Lazim 1,2, *, Anam Yousaf 3, Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah 4,5, Sarina Sulong 2,6,7, Zul Izhar Mohd Ismail 2,8, Rohimah Mohamud 2,6, Hashem A. Abu-Harirah 4, Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh 4, Rosline Hassan 2,9 and Baharudin Abdullah 1,2  \nCitation: Mat Lazim, N.; Yousaf, A.; Abusalah, M.A.H.; Sulong, S.; Mohd Ismail, Z.I.; Mohamud, R.;  \nAbu-Harirah, H.A.; AlRamadneh, T.N.; Hassan, R.; Abdullah, B. The Epigenesis of Salivary Glands Carcinoma: From Field Cancerizationto Carcinogenesis. Cancers 2023, 15, 2111. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cancers15072111  \nAcademic Editors: Christoph A. Reichel, Kariem Sharafand Axel Lechner  \nReceived: 12 February 2023  \nRevised: 17 March 2023  \nAccepted: 24 March 2023  \nPublished: 31 March 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia  \n2 Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia  \n3 Department of Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan  \n4 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan  \n5 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia  \n6 Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia  \n7 Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia  \n8 Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia  \n9 Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia  \n* Correspondence: norhafi[za@usm.my](za@usm.my)  \nSimple Summary: Salivary glands carcinoma are prevalent in head and neck surgical oncology practice. The treatment is challenging due to late diagnosis and high recurrence risk. The epigenetic event is one of the most important etiologies known for this cancer. At present, numerous pathways and epigenetic alteration has been identified. This epigenetic event may serve as a novel avenue for the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents at near future. This will enhance the management of this type of cancer. In this review, we discuss the main epigenetic events in salivary gland carcinogenesis and highlight their roles in the prognostication and refined management of this cancer.  \nAbstract: Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are a diverse collection of malignant tumors with marked differences in biological activity, clinical presentation and microscopic appearance. Although the etiology is varied, secondary radiation, oncogenic viruses as well as chromosomal rearrangements have all been linked to the formation of SGCs. Epigenetic modifications may also contribute to the genesis and progression of SGCs. Epigenetic modifications are any heritable changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in DNA sequence. It is now widely accepted that epigenetics plays an important role in SGCs development. A basic epigenetic process that has been linked to a variety of pathological as well as physiological conditions including c","cbCaiaHwQF67Ayep","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaHwQF67Ayep","pdf",993582,31,"English","# Introduction\n## Background on salivary gland development\n## Structure and susceptibility to neoplastic transformation\n## Epidemiology and malignant histological subtypes","[{\"question\":\"What are salivary gland carcinomas and why are they clinically challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Salivary gland carcinomas are uncommon among carcinomas overall but common within head and neck tumors. Their diverse biology leads to marked differences in activity, clinical presentation, and microscopic appearance.\"},{\"question\":\"How do epigenetic modifications contribute to salivary gland cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression not caused by DNA sequence changes. They are linked to cancer formation, progression, and prognosis in salivary gland carcinomas.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does DNA methylation play in gene regulation in these cancers?\",\"answer\":\"DNA methylation is a key basic epigenetic process. CpG island hypermethylation at gene promoters can cause transcriptional repression, while hypomethylation can lead to gene overexpression.\"}]","The Epigenesis of Salivary Glands Carcinoma - From Field Cancerization to Carcinogenesis | PDF",1790215203,78]