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It details consequences including the spread of Greek civilization and language through new cities and libraries, the decline of the classical city-state model, and the rise of specialization driven by expanding trade and urban growth. It further describes the opening of Greek philosophy to Eastern religion, with blending religious and philosophic traditions after Alexander’s death.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-empire-of-alexander-the-great-toefl-ibt-reading-practice-set/487908/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-empire-of-alexander-the-great-toefl-ibt-reading-practice-set/487908.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How long should test-takers spend completing this reading practice set?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Give yourself 18 minutes to complete this practice set.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"According to paragraph 1, what was one key change Alexander made as he created his empire?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Barriers to trade and the movement of peoples were removed, and markets were put in touch with one another.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the passage say happened to the classical Greek city-state system?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The author says internationalism spelled the end of the classical Greek city-state, replacing its small, citizen-focused decision-making with a multiplicity of interests.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},487908,1793149727,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","THE EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT  \nTOEFL iBT  \nREADING PRACTICE SET  \nDirections: Read the passage and answer the questions. Give yourself 18 minutes to complete this practice set.  \nTHE EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT  \n❶ In 334 B.C., Alexander the Great, who is often ranked among the most influential people in history, took his Greek armies to the east and in only ten years completed his creation of an empire out of much of southwest Asia. In the new empire, barriers to trade and the movement of peoples were removed; markets were put in touch with one another. In the next generation, thousands of Greek traders and artisans would enter this wider world to seek their fortunes. Alexander’s actions had several important consequences for the region occupied by the empire.  \n❷ The first of these was the expansion of Greek civilization throughout the Middle East. Greek became the great international language. Towns and cities were established not only as garrisons but also as centers for the diffusion of Greek language, literature, and thought, particularly through libraries, as at Antioch in modern Turkey and the most famous of all, at Alexandria in Egypt, which would be the finest in the world for the next thousand years.  \n❸ Second, this internationalism spelled the end of the classical Greek city-state – the unit of government in ancient Greece – and everything it stood for. Most city-states, such as Tyras and Olbia in modern Ukraine, had been quite small in terms of citizenry, and this was considered to be a good thing. The focus of life was the agora, the open  \nmarketplace where assemblies could be held and where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions could  \nbe made by individuals in person. The Athenian philosopher Plato (428-348 B.C. ) felt that the ideal city-state should have about 5,000 citizens, because it was important to the Greeks that everyone in the community should know each other. In decision-making, the whole body of citizens together would have the necessary knowledge in order generally to reach the right decision, even though the individual might not be particularly qualified to decide. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C. ), who lived at a time when the city-state system was declining, believed that a political entity of 100,000 simply would not be able to govern itself.  \n❹ This implied that the city-state was based on the idea that citizens were not specialists but had multiple interestsand talents – each a so-called jack-of-all-trades who could engage in many areas of life and politics. [A] It implied a respect for the wholeness of life and a consequent dislike of specialization. It implied economic and military selfsufficiency. [B] However, with the development of trade and commerce in Alexander’s empire came the growth of cities, and it was no longer possible to be a jack-of-all-trades. [C] One now had to specialize, and with specialization came professionalism. [D] There were getting to be too many persons to know; an easily observable community of interests was being replaced by a multiplicity of interests. The city-state was simply too “small-time.”  \n❺ Third, Greek philosophy was opened up to the philosophy and religion of the East. At the peak of the Greek city-state, religion played an important part. Its gods–such as Zeus, who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus, and his wife Hera, the goddess of women, marriage, family, and childbirth – were thought of very much as being like humans but with superhuman abilities. Their worship was linked to the rituals connected with one’s progress through life – birth, marriage, and death – and with invoking protection against danger, making prophecies, and promoting healing, rather than to any code of behavior. Nor was there much of a theory of afterlife.  \n❻ Even before Alexander’s time, a life spent in the service of ","cbCairFZMhgMkY5O","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairFZMhgMkY5O","pdf",593421,"English","# Directions\n# Passage: The Empire of Alexander the Great\n## Question 1\n## Question 2\n## Question 3\n## Question 4","[{\"question\":\"How long should test-takers spend completing this reading practice set?\",\"answer\":\"Give yourself 18 minutes to complete this practice set.\"},{\"question\":\"According to paragraph 1, what was one key change Alexander made as he created his empire?\",\"answer\":\"Barriers to trade and the movement of peoples were removed, and markets were put in touch with one another.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the passage say happened to the classical Greek city-state system?\",\"answer\":\"The author says internationalism spelled the end of the classical Greek city-state, replacing its small, citizen-focused decision-making with a multiplicity of interests.\"}]","The Empire of Alexander the Great - TOEFL iBT Reading Practice Set | PDF",1790809603]