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Highlights how non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, lncRNAs, circular RNAs) regulate gene expression, cellular functions, and cancer biology, and how RNA modifications (epitranscriptomics) influence RNA maturation, stability, and translation. Summarizes nine contributions (research article, case report, reviews) spanning oncogenic and tumor-suppressive mechanisms and extending beyond cancer to neurological, cardiovascular, and viral diseases, with implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and RNA-targeted therapies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-emerging-role-of-rna-in-diseases-and-cancers-editorial/385687/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-emerging-role-of-rna-in-diseases-and-cancers-editorial/385687.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What kinds of RNA are emphasized in this editorial?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The editorial focuses on non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as key regulators of gene expression and cellular functions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is epitranscriptomics and why is it important here?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Epitranscriptomics refers to modifications on RNA molecules, such as addition, removal, or alteration of chemical groups. 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The Emerging Role of RNA in Diseases and Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6682 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms24076682  \nReceived: 24 March 2023  \nAccepted: 29 March 2023  \nPublished: 3 April 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology `Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy; [alessandro.fatica@uniroma1.it](alessandro.fatica@uniroma1.it)  \nIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of RNA in diseases and cancers. It is now becoming increasingly clear that non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play an active and crucial role in regulating gene expression and cellular functions. One area where the role of regulatory RNA is particularly prominent is in cancer research. Furthermore, the RNA modification field, also known as epitranscriptomics, has recently gained attention due to research into the regulation of gene expression and cellular functions. These modifications involve the addition, removal, or alteration of chemical groups on RNA molecules, and are known to impact RNA maturation, stability, and translation. Recent evidence suggests that RNA modifications also play a critical role in various diseases and cancers.  \nThis Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, entitled “The Emerging Role of RNA in Diseases and Cancers”, includes a total of nine contributions: one research article, one case report, and seven reviews providing new information about the role of non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications in normal and pathological conditions.  \nResearchers have discovered that certain types of regulatory non-coding RNA, such as microRNAs and lncRNAs, can control cell growth and differentiation by regulating key signaling pathways. These RNAs can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, depending on the specific context. Ciafr± et al. thoroughly reviewed the important role of lncRNAs in cancer stem cells, the different mechanisms through which they work, and how their modulation can affect tumorigenesis [1] . On the same topic, Giuliani et al. reviewed the different mechanisms of lncRNA function that have been identified in the context of breast cancer [2] .  \nIn addition to cancer, RNA has also been implicated in a variety of other diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. For example, mutations in RNA-binding proteins have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) . Colantoni et al. investigated the effect of mutation in the RNA-binding protein FUS, which characterizes familiar forms of ALS, on the formation of circRNAs in in vitro-derived human motoneurons [3] . The study also analyzed the potential function of deregulated circRNAs to act as microRNA competitors, with possible implications for ALS pathogenesis. Moreover, the review by Silvestri et al. provided a summary of the role of RNA-binding proteins in the nervous system and their involvement in ALS, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) [4] .  \nThe emerging role of RNA in diseases and cancers has significant implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. RNA-based biomarkers can provide important information about disease progression and treatment response, while RNA-targeted therapies, such as RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), hold great promise for treating a wide range of diseases. How","cbCait0rh5DBOgrZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait0rh5DBOgrZ","pdf",189658,"English","# Overview\n## Non-coding RNAs and gene regulation\n## RNA modifications and epitranscriptomics\n# Contributions in the Special Issue\n## Research article and case report\n## Review articles across diseases\n# Clinical implications\n## Biomarkers and RNA-targeted therapies","[{\"question\":\"What kinds of RNA are emphasized in this editorial?\",\"answer\":\"The editorial focuses on non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as key regulators of gene expression and cellular functions.\"},{\"question\":\"What is epitranscriptomics and why is it important here?\",\"answer\":\"Epitranscriptomics refers to modifications on RNA molecules, such as addition, removal, or alteration of chemical groups. The editorial notes these changes affect RNA maturation, stability, and translation and are linked to diseases and cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the editorial connect RNA research to clinical applications?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights RNA-based biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and RNA-targeted therapies such as RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). It also discusses translational challenges like delivery, specificity, off-target effects, and the need for careful validation and standardization.\"}]","The Emerging Role of RNA in Diseases and Cancers - Editorial | PDF",1790270575]