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This systematic review synthesizes human clinical trials and animal studies evaluating BCMA-ADCs for RRMM. Searches used six bibliographic databases and ClinicalTrials.gov through November 2024, with data extraction and quality assessment via ROBINS-I and SYRCLE’s tools.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-efficacy-and-safety-of-b-cell-maturation-antigen-bcma-antibody-drug-conjugates-adc-in-development-against-cancer-a-systematic-review/445295/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-efficacy-and-safety-of-b-cell-maturation-antigen-bcma-antibody-drug-conjugates-adc-in-development-against-cancer-a-systematic-review/445295.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dabgoudw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-04","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the objective of this systematic review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To synthesize available evidence on the safety and efficacy of BCMA-targeted ADCs in development for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were studies selected and quality assessed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A systematic search was conducted in six bibliographic databases and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2024. 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Newer candidates showed specific efficacy ranges alongside ocular symptoms and hematologic adverse events.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},445295,1791022481,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747860484,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Tech Science Press  \nDoi:10.32604/or.2025.070851  \nREVIEW  \nThe Efficacy and Safety of B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) in Development against Cancer: A Systematic Review  \nJing Shan1, Catherine King2,3, Harunor Rashid3,4 and Veysel Kayser1, *  \n1 School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  \n2 Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 3 Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia 4 Clinical School, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia  \n*[Corresponding Author: Veysel Kayser. Email: veysel.kayser@sydney.edu.au](Corresponding Author: Veysel Kayser. Email: veysel.kayser@sydney.edu.au)[ ](Corresponding Author: Veysel Kayser. Email: veysel.kayser@sydney.edu.au)Received: 25 July 2025; Accepted: 11 October 2025; Published: 30 December 2025  \nABSTRACT: Objectives: B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as promising therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), but the overall efficacy and safety profile is unclear. This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the safety and efficacy of BCMA-ADCsin development for RRMM. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using six bibliographic databases and [ClinicalTrials.gov](ClinicalTrials.gov) up to November 2024. Studies were eligible if they were human clinical trials or animal studies evaluating BCMA-ADCs and reported efficacy and safety outcomes. Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted using validated tools, including ROBINS-I and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Results: A total of 21 studies were included: 16 clinical trials and five animal studies. Key findings included that belantamab mafodotin demonstrated variable but generally durable response rates (32%–85%) and a broad range of progression-free survival (PFS) (2.8–36.6 months), albeit with ocular toxicities in 51%–96% . Among newer candidates, MEDI2228 showed median PFS 5.1–6.6 months with 14% discontinuation for ocular symptoms, while AMG 224 had an overall response rate (ORR) of 23%(9/40) with anemia 21%, thrombocytopenia 24%, and ocular adverse events (AEs) 21% . Animal studies supported the tumor-eradicating potential of all BCMA-ADC candidates, although safety signals such as hepatic and renal toxicity were noted with HDP-101 . The risk of bias assessment revealed generally moderate to serious concerns in human trials, while the overall quality of the animal studies was acceptable. Conclusions: BCMA-targeted ADC candidates show encouraging efficacy in RRMM, particularly belantamab mafodotin. However, frequent AEs, especially ocular and hematologic toxicities, underscore the need for optimization in ADC design. Further research should prioritize enhancing safety while maintaining clinical benefit.  \nKEYWORDS: B-cell maturation antigen; antibody drug conjugates; multiple myeloma; belantamab mafodotin; ocular toxicity; clinical trials  \n1 Introduction  \nCancer is one of the major threats to human health, with large individual and societal impacts. According to a Global Cancer Observatory report, the estimated number of new cancer cases in 2022 was around 20 million, and almost 10 million of these had fatal outcomes [1] . Additionally, the burden of new cases was projected to rise to 28.4 million by 2024 [2]. Efficient and customized cancer therapies are urgently required. Cancer therapies can employ either non-specific methods or specific methods. The non-specific methods are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which not only destroy the cancer cells but also  \nCopyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Tech Science Press.  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \ncause damage to healthy","cbCaipzQUUHOmdbg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipzQUUHOmdbg","pdf",2693905,22,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1 Introduction\n## Cancer burden and need for targeted therapies\n## ADC fundamentals and ideal design features\n## Rationale for BCMA as an ADC target","[{\"question\":\"What is the objective of this systematic review?\",\"answer\":\"To synthesize available evidence on the safety and efficacy of BCMA-targeted ADCs in development for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected and quality assessed?\",\"answer\":\"A systematic search was conducted in six bibliographic databases and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2024. Quality assessments used validated tools including ROBINS-I for human trials and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies.\"},{\"question\":\"What efficacy and safety patterns were reported for key BCMA-ADCs?\",\"answer\":\"Belantamab mafodotin showed variable but generally durable response rates and a broad progression-free survival range, with frequent ocular toxicities. Newer candidates showed specific efficacy ranges alongside ocular symptoms and hematologic adverse events.\"}]","The Efficacy and Safety of B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) in Development against Cancer: A Systematic Review | PDF",1790711220,55]