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Twenty-six Form Four pupils complete ex-post facto reading strategy questionnaires and two tests focused on L2 textual content and vocabulary. Reliability and hypothesis testing include Cronbach’s alpha, paired-sample tests, and regression analysis. Results show linear relationships between textual content comprehension and cognitive strategy, and significant links between vocabulary comprehension and metacognitive strategy, with past knowledge strongly associated with comprehension.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-effects-of-reading-strategy-awareness-on-l2-comprehension-performance-among-the-rungus-in-north-borneo/590077/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-effects-of-reading-strategy-awareness-on-l2-comprehension-performance-among-the-rungus-in-north-borneo/590077.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine the effects of reading strategies on L2 reading comprehension test performance for textual content and vocabulary among Rungus learners.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants and data collected?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study involved twenty-six Form Four Rungus pupils using cognitive and metacognitive strategy questionnaires and two L2 reading comprehension tests.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What relationships did the study find between strategies and reading performance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Textual content comprehension showed a linear relation with cognitive strategy, while L2 vocabulary comprehension was statistically significantly linked to metacognitive strategy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590077,1792172523,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Advances in Language and Literary Studies  \nISSN: 2203-4714  \n[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au)  \n| The Effects of Reading Strategy Awareness on L2 Comprehension Performance among the Rungus in North Borneo\u003Cbr>Nalmon Goyi*, Rohaidah Kamaruddin, Zuraini Seruji, NoorAina Dani\u003Cbr>Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Faculty of Language and Communication, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan, Malaysia\u003Cbr>Corresponding Author: Nalmon Goyi, [E-mail: nago201@yahoo.com](E-mail: nago201@yahoo.com) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ARTICLE INFO | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The Rungus are the indigenous people in Sabah, Malaysia. Malay as a second language and the primary instruction in schools seems inevitable. The study aims to determine the effects of reading strategies in the L2 reading comprehension tests on textual content and vocabulary. Participants consisted of twenty-six Form Four Rungus tribe pupils from Kudat SikuatiII Government Secondary School. The study used an ex-post facto research design. The researchers employed cognitive and metacognitive strategy questionnaires and two reading comprehension tests on L2 textual content and vocabulary. The researchers applied Cronbach alpha reliability statistics, paired sample test, and regression analysis. The study indicates that the L2 reading comprehension test on textual content and cognitive strategy were linearly related. Also, the factors related to L2 vocabulary in the reading comprehension test and metacognitive strategy are statistically significant. Thereis a very substantial relationship between past knowledge and reading comprehension among the participants. This study found that the use of cognitive strategies facilitates L2 reading comprehension with first language translation. The participants use translation strategies at a high level. However, they often use the metacognitive strategy more than the cognitive strategy. Thereis a significant positive relationship between metacognitive awareness and high-skilled readers’performance. Low-level skilled readers choose the cognitive strategy. Meanwhile, the regression analysis between the L2 reading comprehension test on textual content and cognitive strategy revealed a positive association (β= .435) that is statistically significant (p\u003C .05) . The regression analysis between the L2 reading comprehension test on vocabulary and metacognitive strategy indicated a positive association (β= .440) and statistically significant (p\u003C .05) . Reading strategies facilitate students to understand the text, thereby improving their reading comprehension tasks. In addition to demonstrating positive implications on teaching students to read a second language, the findings are essential for teaching Malay language vocabulary. The schema theory employed in the study implicates that reading comprehension performance is generated from the interaction between top-down strategy (metacognitive) and bottom-up strategy (cognitive) . A large-scale study could potentially reveal the use of translation strategy as a strategic trait associated with high-achievement readers or is, in fact, a bilingual additive. |\n| Article history\u003Cbr>Received: May 06, 2021\u003Cbr>Accepted: June 28, 2021\u003Cbr>Published: August 31, 2021\u003Cbr>Volume: 12 Issue: 4\u003Cbr>Advance access: July 2021 |  |\n| Conflicts of interest: None\u003Cbr>Funding: None |  |\n| Key words:\u003Cbr>Reading Comprehension, Cognitive Strategy, Metacognitive Strategy, L2 Textual Content, L2 Vocabulary,\u003Cbr>Schema Theory, Rungus |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nThe Rungus are the indigenous people who live in the northern state of Sabah. They refer to their identity as the Momogun ethnic group, which is one of sixteen different subgroups. The largest subgroups are Lingkabau, Nulu, Gonsomon, Sindapak, Garo, and Marigang (Appell, 1963, p. 9-10) . The language and culture of the Rungus tribe are quite similar to the neighbouring Dusun tribes (Topin, 1996, p. 3; Reid, 1997,","cbCaio7jStM2sJpp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio7jStM2sJpp","pdf",281232,12,"English","# Introduction\n# Reading strategy awareness and L2 comprehension","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the effects of reading strategies on L2 reading comprehension test performance for textual content and vocabulary among Rungus learners.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants and data collected?\",\"answer\":\"The study involved twenty-six Form Four Rungus pupils using cognitive and metacognitive strategy questionnaires and two L2 reading comprehension tests.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationships did the study find between strategies and reading performance?\",\"answer\":\"Textual content comprehension showed a linear relation with cognitive strategy, while L2 vocabulary comprehension was statistically significantly linked to metacognitive strategy.\"}]","The Effects of Reading Strategy Awareness on L2 Comprehension Performance among the Rungus in North Borneo | PDF",1792068739]