[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-269296-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-269296-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-effects-of-bluestar-on-presumptive-tests-for-blood","The Effects of Bluestar on Presumptive Tests for Blood","","Presumptive blood tests must detect blood even when it is not readily visible, while remaining sensitive enough to support forensic decision-making. Bluestar, a chemiluminescent reagent aerosolized by spray, can screen large areas but may suffer from limited shelf life and false positives due to non-specific reactions. This study measured sensitivity for Bluestar and three additional presumptive tests across serial blood dilutions from 1:1 to 1:1,000,000, and assessed whether applying Bluestar first altered subsequent test outcomes.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-effects-of-bluestar-on-presumptive-tests-for-blood/269296/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-effects-of-bluestar-on-presumptive-tests-for-blood/269296.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Mimi","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are presumptive tests for blood important in forensic analysis?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"They can detect blood at low levels, including samples obscured by cleaning or other interventions. Their sensitivity supports investigative screening before confirmatory steps.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What is Bluestar and how does it work?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Bluestar is a chemiluminescent reagent aerosolized by spray. In the presence of blood, it produces a blue chemiluminescence response related to hemoglobin’s iron.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How did applying Bluestar first affect other presumptive tests?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"When Bluestar was added before leucomalachite green and ortho-tolidine reagents, it decreased the sensitivities of those tests.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},269296,1789450035,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":102,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Technical Paper  \nKatherine Martin, Ada County Sheriff’s Office Intern  \nThe Effects of Bluestar on Presumptive Tests for Blood  \nAbstract:  \nPresumptive tests for blood need to be sensitive in order to detect blood that is not readily visible. Furthermore, presumptive tests for blood have different applications and sensitivities. One presumptive test that is particularly useful to a crime scene responder is Bluestar. Bluestar is a reagent that uses chemiluminescence and is aerosolized through a spray bottle covering large areas. Bluestar is practical for crime scene use because it can detect blood in large areas, but has drawbacks with shelf life and false positives. Thus, other presumptive tests for blood have a role in crime scene investigation. This study looked at the sensitivities of Bluestar and three other presumptive tests: leucomalachite green, phenolphthalein, and ortho-tolidine. The study also looked at how applying Bluestar first may affect the results of the other tests. The sensitivities were studied with serial blood dilutions ranging from 1:1 to  \n1:1,000,000. Bluestar was found to be the most sensitive detecting blood at 1:100,000 dilution. Furthermore, Bluestar decreased the sensitivities of the leucomalachite green and ortho-tolidine test, when Bluestar was added to the blood before the other reagents.  \nIntroduction  \nIn order to distinguish Bluestar from the other tests in this study, Bluestar will be called a preliminary test. Bluestar is a preliminary test because it can detect blood that is at very low levels, but Bluestar is not specific to blood. Bluestar can react with other chemicals such as bleach and result in a false positive. Thus after Bluestar is used, an additional presumptive test is performed to specify the sample as blood. Bluestar and most presumptive tests for blood use the peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin in blood to cause a visible color change. Sensitivity is the boundary of when there is still enough heme to react with the reagent even though the solutions are dilute. Since presumptive tests can detect blood that could be obscured by cleaning and other means, they are very useful in forensic analysis.  \nThis study was designed to test the sensitivity of Bluestar and three presumptive tests for blood: leucomalachite green, ortho-tolidine, and phenolphthalein. It also addressed whether applying Bluestar first interfered with the remaining three tests when they were subsequently applied. A range of 1:1 to  \n1:1,000,000 was chosen for the serial dilutions since previous studies had shown the sensitivities to land in this range. It was also shown that the nature of the surface the blood was on could have an effect on the sensitivity of the test [1]. Thus to eliminate the surface as a factor, this study looked at liquid blood dilutions in test tubes.  \nBluestar is often applied first because it is a spray that can cover large areas at one time. In the presence of blood, a blue chemiluminescence (near 430nm) is observed. The blue light of the reaction is emitted when the reagent reacts with the iron in the hemoglobin [2] . Since Bluestar is a spray and the other three tests are applied as drops, the volume of reagent sprayed in a typical application was converted to volume in liquid drops that could be added to a test tube. This was done by measuring the liquid volume which came out of spray bottles in a typical application. The purpose of this study was twofold:  \nfirst to evaluate the sensitivity of Bluestar to liquid dilutions of blood, and secondly to identify if the application of Bluestar had any adverse effects on subsequent presumptive blood reagents.  \nMaterials and Methods  \nThe initial part of the study was to determine how much blood and reagent were to be used. The number of drops of Bluestar was determined through a study of different spray bottles. Two different spray bottles were filled with water. Per the manufacturer’s recommendation for the area to be sprayed, each","cbCairivORtxuSyd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairivORtxuSyd","pdf",370222,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods","[{\"question\":\"Why are presumptive tests for blood important in forensic analysis?\",\"answer\":\"They can detect blood at low levels, including samples obscured by cleaning or other interventions. Their sensitivity supports investigative screening before confirmatory steps.\"},{\"question\":\"What is Bluestar and how does it work?\",\"answer\":\"Bluestar is a chemiluminescent reagent aerosolized by spray. In the presence of blood, it produces a blue chemiluminescence response related to hemoglobin’s iron.\"},{\"question\":\"How did applying Bluestar first affect other presumptive tests?\",\"answer\":\"When Bluestar was added before leucomalachite green and ortho-tolidine reagents, it decreased the sensitivities of those tests.\"}]","The Effects of Bluestar on Presumptive Tests for Blood | PDF",15]