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Statistical analyses indicate only a few statistically significant differences in accident records between drivers who attended driver education programs and those who did not.",{"@graph":14,"@context":65},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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do the study’s statistical results suggest?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"They suggest there are few statistically significant differences in accident records between drivers who have attended driver education programs and those who have not.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":67,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":69,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":71,"site_id":7},295396,1789718636,{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":75},"success",[76,80,84,88,93,98,103,106,111,114,118],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":77,"show_sort_weight":78,"slug":79},"Story & 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Arabia\n\nSuhail S.Al-Subhi  \nKing Fahd Universityof Petroleum and Minerals,College ofDesign,Urban and Regional Planning,Dhahran,Saudi Arabia  \nAbstract.This study explores the relationship between young Saudi Arabian drivers'experience withformal driver education,their socio-economic background,their driving experience,and their accidentrecords.In order to obtain the required information,a survey questionnaire of six parts was administreredto approximately 600 university students in Saudi Arabia.The statistical procedures used to analyze thedata led to the conclusion that there are few stastistically significant differences in accident records amongdrivers who have and who have not attended driver education programs  \n## Introduction\n\nThe increase in oil revenues beginning in 1973 initiated an entirely new era for SaudiArabia and affected the nation's development in virtually every area,includingtransportation systems and traffic accidents.From 1971 to 1983,a significant upwardtrend occurred in many dimensions.We observed a great increase in the number ofvehicles and,unfortunately,a dramatic increase in the number of road traffic acci-dents.In recent years,\"road traffic accidents represent the second major medicalproblem in Saudi Arabia,second only to infectious diseases.They are also the lead-ing cause of death for young adults”[1].  \nFrom 1970-71 to 1985-86 traffic accidents increased eight-fold,a dramatic riseindeed.The total number of accidents has increased from only 4,417in 1970-71 to32,092 in 1985-86.Fatalities and injuries have also increased sharply over the sameperiod.In 1971-72,570 people were killed and4,583 were injured in traffic accidents.In 1985-86,the number of fatalities and injuries had increased to 2,703 and 22,602,respectively [2].  \nThe trend of accidents,fatalities and injuries per 1,000 persons did not decreaseduring the period from 1971-72 to 1982-83.Accidents,fatalities,and injuries per  \n1,000 persons have increased from 63.9,9.6,and 76.1in 1971-72 to 236.66,30.7,and206.8 respectively in 1982-83.This means that accidents,fatalities,and injuries areincreasing more sharply than the population over the same period.  \nDriver education and training has been perceived as an important form of policyintervention,reducing road traffic accidents by influencing drivers'actions throughchanges in their ideas,feeling,goals,and knowledge [3].  \nDriver education and training can be obtained from trained teachers at highschools,driving school instructors,and friends and/or relatives.In Saudi Arabia,there is no instruction in high schools.Thus drivers either learnin commercial drivingschools or from a friend and/or relatives.This pattern is similar to the one existing inEuropean countries,but in contrast to the U.S.A pattern where“driver training islargely provided within the framework of general education”[4].  \nSince these programs require considerable resources-both financial and per-sonnel,their effectiveness is an important policy issue [5].Therefore,a number ofresearchers have tried to evaluate these programs in the past.Their intention was totest the relationship between driver education program and traffic safety.  \nMost of previous studies suffered from lack of control of important variablessuch as experience,exposure,and socio-economic status[6,7].Some of these studiessuffered from selection bias.Therefore,it is important to do an experimentalresearch design to evaluate such programs [8].This approach will be discussedfurther in the concluding chapter.  \nDue to the difficulty of evaluating driver education programs,there is disagree-ment about their effectiveness in the developed countries.Proponents of driver edu-cation programs think that such programs willimprove driving safety.However,theopponents of the program believe that such courses are a waste of resources and donot improve traffic safety[9].In addition,Lema et al","cbCaipJ6N8n1bCRO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipJ6N8n1bCRO","pdf",2313981,16,"English","# Introduction\n## Driver education and training as policy intervention\n## Background trends in traffic accidents and casualties\n## Need for controlled evaluation designs\n## Debate over program effectiveness\n## Human factors in accidents","[{\"question\":\"What do the study’s statistical results suggest?\",\"answer\":\"They suggest there are few statistically significant differences in accident records between drivers who have attended driver education programs and those who have not.\"}]","The Effectiveness of Driver Education Programs in Reducing Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia | PDF"]