[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-324257-105":59,"doc-detail-324257-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-effect-of-various-additives-on-the-rheologic-properties-of-unsaturated-polyester-resins","THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ADDITIVES ON THE RHEOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS","","Gel coats and lacquers made from unsaturated polyester resins require rheologic behavior that balances brush or spray workability with stability at low shear. The study examines how mineral fillers and related additives alter viscosity and flow, focusing on limiting shear stress and hydrogen-bond effects from silicon dioxide dispersion. Experimental mixtures based on Polimal 109 with Aerosil and substituted additives are prepared, and rheologic response is measured using a rotary viscometer under controlled temperature conditions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-effect-of-various-additives-on-the-rheologic-properties-of-unsaturated-polyester-resins/324257/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-effect-of-various-additives-on-the-rheologic-properties-of-unsaturated-polyester-resins/324257.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Skyler","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are rheologic properties critical for gel coats and lacquers made from polyester resins?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They determine whether the coating can be applied easily at high shearing velocities while preventing excessive flow on vertical surfaces at low shearing velocities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does silicon dioxide influence viscosity and flow behavior in the resin system?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Increasing silicon dioxide amount and fineness raises viscosity, attributed to hydrogen-bond formation between OH groups, which also requires sufficient concentration and dispersion for bonding.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What measuring approach is used to evaluate the rheologic behavior of the compositions?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A Rotovisko rotary viscometer is used at 25℃, determining hysteresis loops that yield two viscosity-vs-shearing-velocity curves for increasing and decreasing shear to assess shear stress effects and thixotropism.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},324257,1790767993,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336464648746,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Milczarska-Iwanczyk,D.  \nThe effect of various additives on therheologic properties of unsaturated polyesterresins /by D.Milczarska-Iwanczyk and  \nA.Raszcauk.15 p.  \n(wARSAw)  \nPolimery-Tworzywa Wieloczasteczkowe-29:191-195(1984).  \nFiled:  TRANSLATION NO.4649.  \nABSTRACTEDPOLIA4  \n/  \n....    \n6  \n# THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ADDITIVES ON THE RHEOLOGICPROPERTIES OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS\n\nMilczarska-Iwanczyk,D。,and A。Raszcauk:Wpływ różnych dodatków na wiasnosci  \nreologicyne nienasyconej zywicy poliestrowej。Polimery-Tworzywa Wieloczasteczkowe,  \nVol。29,PP。191-195,1984。(From the Institute of Industrial Chemistry,Warsaw)  \nGel coats and laquers are among the applications of polyester resins。  Anexternal gel-coat layer is designed not only to mask the glass-fiber pattern,but also to endow the product with resistance to corrosion and abrasion。  \nThe rheologic properties of the gel coats and lacquers are of essentialsignificance in their application.What is desired is a relatively low viscosityat high shearing velocities,so that it would be possible to apply it easily witha brush or to spray it on with a spray-gun。On the other hand,at low shearingvelocities the composition should have a viscosity so great that it would notflow too rapidly from the vertical surfaces。The viscosity should not,however,be overly great so as to ensure good spreadability。  An essential role is alsoplayed here by the limiting stress(shear stress),after the exceeding of whichthe flow begins。If the stress due to the force of gravity on the gel coat orlacquer is less than the limiting stress,the composition does not flowo  \nOne method of imparting the required rheologic properties to a lacquer orgel coat is the addition of mineral filler to the resin.The best known additiveis silicon dioxide [1,2].As the amount and fineness of the silicon dioxideincreases,the viscosity of the resin increases.It has been confirmed that theincrease in the viscosity of the system ensues as a result of the formation ofhydrogen bonds between the OH groups of the silicon dioxide。The concentration  \nof silicon dioxide and its dispersion must be such that the OH groups of thedifferent molecules can be bound to each other [3]。Often,in order to improvethe rheologic properties,aliphatic alcohols are used along with silicon diox-ide [4]。Used in lacquer resins,besides silicon dioxide are polyurethanes [5],sorbitic acetals of benzaldehyde [6],polyamino amides [7],amides,polyesteramides [8],chlorinated PCV,and chloro-rubber。  Polyester resins mixed withthe ammonium or ammonia form of montmorillonite [9]or another aluminosilicateare distinguished by good rheologic properties。  Tests were performed on thereplacement of silicon dioxide by organic aluminum compounds [10]and also bymagnesium silicate hydrate [11].  \nAnother method for obtaining lacquer resins may be the incorporation inthe polyester chains of polyfunctional substances or the incorporation of com-ponents causing a tendency for the polyester to crystallize in a styrene solu-tion.  \nThe object of our work was to explore the influence of various additiveson the rheologic properties of unsaturated polyester resins and to evaluate thepossibility of partial replacement of colloidal silicon dioxide by other,cheaperor more easily obtainable substances。  \nEXPERIMENTAL PART  \nSubstances Investigated  \nA series of compositions containing the polyester resin Polimal 109,2%colloidal silicon dioxide(Aerosil),and other additives were investigated。Also examined,for purposes of comparison,were the properties of compositionscontaining the polyester resin and 3%Aerosil,used heretofore in practice withgood results。The make-up of the compositions is shown in Table 1。The com-ponents of compositions having a total weight of 100 g were ground for about  \nTABLE 1。  MAKE-UP OF POLYESTER COMPOSITIONS  \n\n| Compo-  \u003Cbr>sition  \u003Cbr>No.   | Polyester  \u003Cbr>resin  \u003Cbr>Polimal 109   | Colloidal  \u003Cbr>silicon  \u003Cbr>dioxide   | Other components*   |\n| --- | --- | -","cbCaiqzA6852gCYe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqzA6852gCYe","pdf",1038809,34,"English","# Substances Investigated\n## Composition setup and additives\n# Methods of Investigation\n## Rotary viscometer and measurement conditions\n## Hysteresis loop and viscosity vs. shear rate","[{\"question\":\"Why are rheologic properties critical for gel coats and lacquers made from polyester resins?\",\"answer\":\"They determine whether the coating can be applied easily at high shearing velocities while preventing excessive flow on vertical surfaces at low shearing velocities.\"},{\"question\":\"How does silicon dioxide influence viscosity and flow behavior in the resin system?\",\"answer\":\"Increasing silicon dioxide amount and fineness raises viscosity, attributed to hydrogen-bond formation between OH groups, which also requires sufficient concentration and dispersion for bonding.\"},{\"question\":\"What measuring approach is used to evaluate the rheologic behavior of the compositions?\",\"answer\":\"A Rotovisko rotary viscometer is used at 25℃, determining hysteresis loops that yield two viscosity-vs-shearing-velocity curves for increasing and decreasing shear to assess shear stress effects and thixotropism.\"}]","THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ADDITIVES ON THE RHEOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS | PDF",1789967455,86]