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Flashcards are widely viewed as a supportive tool, yet most research emphasizes digital formats for older learners, leaving limited evidence for printed flashcards in primary classrooms. This quantitative study compares experimental and control groups through pre- and post-tests, analyzing statistical differences in vocabulary mastery. 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While flashcards have been widely recognized for enhancing vocabulary learning, most existing research focuses on digital flashcards used by older learners, leaving a gap in empirical studies targeting the effectiveness of printed flashcards in primary classrooms. This study aims to examine the impact of using traditional flashcards on the vocabulary mastery of elementary students. Adopting a quantitative research design, the study involved a group of elementary students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received vocabulary instruction using flashcards, while the control group followed conventional methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests to measure vocabulary mastery. The results were analyzed using statistical methods to assess differences between the two groups. Findings reveal that students taught using flashcards showed a significant improvement in vocabulary mastery compared to those in the control group. This suggests that flashcards serve as an effective visual aid in reinforcing word recall and retention among young learners. The implications of this study underscore the value of incorporating simple, tangible learning tools like flashcards into classroom instruction, especially in settings where digital resources are limited. These findings contribute to the development of effective vocabulary teaching strategies in early language education and support the integration of visual learning tools that align with the cognitive needs of young learners.  \nKeywords: Elementary students, flashcards, vocabulary mastery  \nINTRODUCTION  \nVocabulary plays a crucial role in language acquisition, especially for young learners who are in the early stages of learning English. Among the various components of language, vocabulary serves as the foundation for developing reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. Without adequate vocabulary knowledge, learners may find it difficult to understand and convey meaning effectively. In primary education, teachers often need to adopt creative and engaging methods to make vocabulary learning enjoyable and accessible. Visual aids, particularly flashcards, have been commonly used to introduce and reinforce new words, especially in classrooms with limited linguistic exposure outside the school environment.  \nThe mastery of vocabulary among elementary students is a vital indicator of their success in language learning. It enables them to comprehend texts, express themselves clearly, and engage in meaningful communication. Developing vocabulary at a young age also facilitates cognitive growth and supports academic achievement across subjects. Therefore, identifying instructional tools that enhance vocabulary retention and recall is of utmost relevance to educators. Flashcards, due to their visual appeal and repetitive nature, present a practical tool for improving vocabulary instruction in early education contexts.  \nRecent studies have emphasized the positive influence of visual media and interactive tools in language learning. For instance, Wang (2021) found that using image-based materials improved vocabulary retention in EFL classrooms. Similarly, a study by Lin and Lin (2020) indicated that flashcard-based learning led to increased learner motivation and vocabulary acquisition. Another investigation by Mahalingam and Yunus (2021) revealed that digital flashcards had a measurable impact on vocabulary performance among y","cbCaiotbB5EcpB8y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiotbB5EcpB8y","pdf",283527,14,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n## Vocabulary in early English learning\n## Importance of vocabulary mastery indicators\n## Prior research on visual media and flashcards\n## Research gap in printed flashcards for primary students\n## Study objectives and classroom-based intervention","[{\"question\":\"Why is vocabulary mastery important for elementary students learning English?\",\"answer\":\"Vocabulary is the foundation for reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Adequate vocabulary knowledge helps students understand and convey meaning and supports communication and academic achievement.\"},{\"question\":\"What gap does the study address regarding flashcards?\",\"answer\":\"Most prior studies focus on digital or online flashcards for older learners, with fewer empirical results on how printed flashcards affect vocabulary mastery in elementary classrooms using measurable testing outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the study measure the effect of flashcards on vocabulary mastery?\",\"answer\":\"The study used a quantitative design with experimental and control groups. Vocabulary mastery was measured via pre-tests and post-tests, and statistical methods compared differences between groups.\"}]","THE EFFECT OF USING FLASHCARDS ON VOCABULARY MASTERY OF ELEMENTARY STUDENTS - Abstract | PDF",35]