[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-661597-en":59,"doc-seo-661597-105":81},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":72,"language":73,"language_code":74,"site_id":75,"html_lang":74,"table_of_contents":76,"faqs":77,"seo_title":78,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":79,"read_time":80},661597,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","The Economic Geography of Global Warming","Global warming is a worldwide, protracted process that produces highly heterogeneous local economic impacts. The paper develops a dynamic spatial assessment model with high geographic resolution to quantify welfare consequences, incorporating adaptation through costly trade and migration, local technological innovation, and region-specific fertility responses to temperature. It estimates damage functions linking temperature changes to productivity and amenities and evaluates how carbon taxes, abatement technologies, and clean energy subsidies shape consumption, temperature paths, and spatial inequality under uncertainty.","Review of Economic Studies (2024) 91, 899–939 [https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdad042](https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdad042)  \n© The Author(s) 2023 . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Review of Economic Studies Limited 2023 . Advance access publication 5 April 2023  \nThe Economic Geography of Global Warming  \nJos-Luis Cruz  \nUniversity of California, Berkeley  \nand  \nEsteban Rossi-Hansberg  \nUniversity of Chicago  \nFirst version received November 2021; Editorial decision January 2023; Accepted April 2023 (Eds.)  \nGlobal warming is a worldwide and protracted phenomenon with heterogeneous local economic effects. We propose a dynamic economic assessment model of the world economy with high spatial resolution to assess its consequences. Our model features several forms of adaptation to local temperature changes, including costly trade and migration, local technological innovations, and local natality rates. We quantify the model at a 1◦ × 1◦ resolution and estimate damage functions that determine the impact of temperature changes on a region’s fundamental productivity and amenities conditional on local temperatures. Welfare losses from global warming are very heterogeneous across locations, with 20% losses in parts of Africa and Latin America but also gains in some northern latitudes. Overall, spatial inequality increases. Uncertainty about average welfare effects is significant but much smaller for relative losses across space. Migration and innovation are shown to be important adaptation mechanisms. We use the model to study the impact of carbon taxes, abatement technologies, and clean energy subsidies. Carbon taxes delay consumption of fossil fuels and help flatten the temperature curve but are much more effective when an abatement technology is forthcoming.  \nKey words: Carbon taxes, Climate change, Environmental policy, Integrated assessment models, Spatial growth, Migration, Trade  \nJEL codes: F63, F64, Q51, Q54, Q56  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nCarbon emissions generated by the economic activity of humans are warming the planet. They will affect temperatures everywhere on Earth over long periods of time and in geographically heterogeneous ways. What will be the impact of carbon emissions, and the implied changes in temperatures, on the world economy and on the economy of particular regions? How will individuals react to these changes and how are these reactions impacted by their ability to migrate, trade, or invest and develop alternative centres of economic activity? What are the best policies to combat global warming and what are their implications for different regions across the world? In this paper, we propose and quantify a novel global spatial dynamic assessment model to address these questions.  \nThe editor in charge of this paper was Thomas Chaney.  \n900 REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES  \nThe nature of the global warming phenomenon determines the elements of our assessment model. Global carbon emissions affect local temperatures around the world, so we want a model of the world economy. Because these effects are extremely heterogeneous across regions, even within countries, we want a model with local geographic detail where temperatures affect both productivity and the living amenities from residing in particular locations. Agents facing adverse temperature conditions that affect their welfare in a given location will react by moving, by trading with other locations, and by developing centres of economic activity in areas that are not so heavily affected or that benefit from warmer temperatures. Hence, we require a model with costly trade and migration, as well as private technological investments. We also need to introduce clean and carbon-based energy as inputs in production so that fossil fuels create carbon dioxide emissions, which in turn affect global and local temperatures through a global carbon cycle and a temperature down-scaling model. Because global warming is a protracted phenomenon developing over","cbCaiaYU1XIx02X4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaYU1XIx02X4","pdf",2838121,41,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Model design and adaptation mechanisms\n## Quantification strategy and data inputs\n## Policy counterfactuals","[{\"question\":\"What is the paper’s main objective regarding global warming and the economy?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes and quantifies a dynamic global spatial assessment model to evaluate how carbon emissions and temperature changes affect the world economy and specific regions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the model represent adaptation to local temperature changes?\",\"answer\":\"It includes costly trade and migration, local technological innovations, and local natality rates that respond to temperature conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"Which policy instruments are studied using the model?\",\"answer\":\"The paper examines carbon taxes, abatement technologies, and clean energy subsidies, assessing their effects on fossil fuel consumption timing and temperature trajectories.\"}]","The Economic Geography of Global Warming | PDF",1793171479,103,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"ok",{"site_id":75,"language":74,"slug":84,"title":65,"keywords":85,"description":66,"schema_data":86,"social_meta":140,"head_meta":142,"extra_data":144,"updated_unix":79},"the-economic-geography-of-global-warming","",{"@graph":87,"@context":139},[88,102,122],{"@type":89,"itemListElement":90},"BreadcrumbList",[91,95,97,100],{"item":92,"name":93,"@type":94,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":96,"name":9,"@type":94,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":98,"name":40,"@type":94,"position":99},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":101,"name":65,"@type":94,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-economic-geography-of-global-warming/661597/",{"url":101,"name":65,"@type":103,"image":104,"author":109,"headline":65,"publisher":111,"fileFormat":114,"inLanguage":74,"description":66,"dateModified":115,"datePublished":116,"encodingFormat":114,"isAccessibleForFree":117,"interactionStatistic":118},"DigitalDocument",{"url":105,"@type":106,"width":107,"height":108},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-economic-geography-of-global-warming/661597.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":110},"Person",{"url":92,"name":112,"@type":113},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":119,"interactionType":120,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":121},"ViewAction",{"@type":123,"mainEntity":124},"FAQPage",[125,131,135],{"name":126,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":128},"What is the paper’s main objective regarding global warming and the economy?","Question",{"text":129,"@type":130},"It proposes and quantifies a dynamic global spatial assessment model to evaluate how carbon emissions and temperature changes affect the world economy and specific regions.","Answer",{"name":132,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":133},"How does the model represent adaptation to local temperature changes?",{"text":134,"@type":130},"It includes costly trade and migration, local technological innovations, and local natality rates that respond to temperature conditions.",{"name":136,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":137},"Which policy instruments are studied using the model?",{"text":138,"@type":130},"The paper examines carbon taxes, abatement technologies, and clean energy subsidies, assessing their effects on fossil fuel consumption timing and temperature trajectories.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":101,"og:type":141,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":112,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":143,"canonical":101},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":75}]