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It reviews how scatterplots enabled the discovery of correlation and regression through examples linked to Galton, and explains why the method’s power lies in revealing regularity in empirical data via smoothing and graphic annotations. The paper traces the origin of the term scatterplot, its scientific role, and later modern descendants, while contrasting it with earlier graphical devices such as pie charts, line graphs, and bar charts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-early-origins-and-development-of-the-scatterplot/657303/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-early-origins-and-development-of-the-scatterplot/657303.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Malam Tenang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why does the scatterplot occupy a central place in the history of statistical graphics?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The article argues that scatterplots are versatile and broadly useful, shaping later multivariate statistics and helping uncover relationships such as correlation and regression.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How does the article define a scatterplot?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"A scatterplot is defined as a plot of two independently measured variables, x and y, displayed as individual points on a coordinate grid with orthogonal axes and no necessary functional relation between x and y.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What is the proposed advantage behind the method’s effectiveness?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The method’s unique advantage is enabling discovery of regularity in empirical data by smoothing and other graphic annotations that enhance visual perception.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},657303,1793051360,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962093532863,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 41(2), 103–130 Spring 2005 Published online in Wiley Interscience ([www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002 /jhbs.20078](www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002 /jhbs.20078)[ ](www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002 /jhbs.20078)© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  \nTHE EARLY ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCATTERPLOT  \nMICHAEL FRIENDLY AND DANIEL DENIS  \nOf all the graphic forms used today, the scatterplot is arguably the most versatile, polymorphic, and generally useful invention in the history of statistical graphics. Its use by Galton led to the discovery of correlation and regression, and ultimately to much of present multivariate statistics. So, it is perhaps surprising that there is no one widely credited with the invention of this idea. Even more surprising is that there are few contenders for this title, and this  \nquestion seems not to have been raised before.  \nThis article traces some of the developments in the history of this graphical method, the origin of the term scatterplot, the role it has played in the history of science, and some of its modern descendants. We suggest that the origin of this method can be traced to its unique advantage: the possibility to discover regularity in empirical data by smoothing and other  \ngraphic annotations to enhance visual perception. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  \nOf all the well-known graphical devices used today for the display of quantitative data, the most ubiquitous, at least in popular presentation graphics—pie charts, line graphs, and bar charts—in their modern form, are generally attributed to William Playfair1 (1759–1823) . All of these were essentially one-dimensional (1D) or at least topographically equivalent to 1D forms (or perhaps 1.5D, where the .5 was a dimension of time, a categorical variable, or another variable, showing an apparently functional or exact relation) .  \nThe next major invention, and the first true two-dimensional (2D) one, is the scatterplot. Indeed, among all the forms of statistical graphics, the humble scatterplot may be considered the most versatile, polymorphic, and generally useful invention in the entire history of statistical graphics. Tufte (1983) estimated that between 70 and 80 percent of graphs used in scientific publications are scatterplots; see also Cleveland and McGill (1984) for modern developments.  \nTo distinguish it from other graphic forms, we define a scatterplot as a plot oftwo variables, x andy, measured independently to produce bivariate pairs (xi, yi), and displayed as individual points on a coordinate grid typically defined by horizontal and vertical axes, where there is no necessary functional relation between x andy. The definition for the terms scatter diagram, plot, from the Oxford English Dictionary (OED2) gives the three essential characteristics: (a) two variables measured on the same observational units,(b) plotted using points referred to (typically orthogonal) axes, and (c) designed to show the relation between these variables (typically as how the ordinate variable, y, varies with the abscissa variable, x):  \nscatter diagram, plot (Statistics), a diagram having two variates plotted along its two axes and in which points are placed to show the values of these variates for each of a number of subjects, so that the form of the association between the variates can be seen.  \n1. Line graphs of time series go back at least to Robert Plot (1685), and to Christopher Wren’s 1750 “weather clock,”a mechanical device for automatically recording a graph of temperature. The idea of a bar chart, to represent a mathematical function, rather than data, goes back to Nicholas Oresme (1482) . But Playfair’s 1786 Commercial and Political Atlas and his subsequent Statistical Breviary (Playfair, 1801) are generally acknowledged as the first modern use and explanation of these graphic forms to portray empirical (largely economic) data.  \nMICHAEL FRIENDLY is a professor in t","cbCaiqTxBovcYUr7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqTxBovcYUr7","pdf",1063611,28,"English","# Introduction\n# Defining the Scatterplot\n# Early Precursors and Modern Use\n# Statistical Historiography\n# Why Not Playfair?","[{\"question\":\"Why does the scatterplot occupy a central place in the history of statistical graphics?\",\"answer\":\"The article argues that scatterplots are versatile and broadly useful, shaping later multivariate statistics and helping uncover relationships such as correlation and regression.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article define a scatterplot?\",\"answer\":\"A scatterplot is defined as a plot of two independently measured variables, x and y, displayed as individual points on a coordinate grid with orthogonal axes and no necessary functional relation between x and y.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the proposed advantage behind the method’s effectiveness?\",\"answer\":\"The method’s unique advantage is enabling discovery of regularity in empirical data by smoothing and other graphic annotations that enhance visual perception.\"}]","THE EARLY ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCATTERPLOT | PDF",1792977079,71]