[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-613318-105":59,"doc-detail-613318-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-earliest-humans-handout","The Earliest Humans - Handout","","Handout content summarizing major ideas and evidence for early human evolution, from Darwin and Huxley’s foundational theories to the role of fossil discoveries. It explains fossil-based fields such as paleontology and paleoanthropology, then outlines hominid evolution and key species including Homo habilis and Homo erectus. It covers Neanderthals and archaeogenetics, anatomically modern Homo sapiens, and mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam, followed by “Out of Africa” migrations and early human routes. Includes a set of review 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did early scientists link biological diversity to evolution?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The handout notes Charles Darwin as first to link biological diversity to evolution through works like On the Origin of Species and later human-focused evolution ideas.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is paleoanthropology and how does it use fossils?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Paleoanthropology is the study of prehistoric human life (and ancestry), typically using fossils, and is used to investigate human origins.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do mitochondrial “Eve” and Y-chromosomal “Adam” represent?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Mitochondrial “Eve” is presented as the most recent common female ancestor of living humans, while Y-chromosomal “Adam” is the most recent common male ancestor, with only their respective genetic material surviving today.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},613318,1792710087,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Slide 1  \nSlide 2  \nSlide 3  \n| FIRST THEORIES OF HUMAN EVOLUTION\u003Cbr>􀁼 Charles Darwin\u003Cbr>􀁹 On the Origin of Species (1859)\u003Cbr>􀁼 First to link biological diversity to evolution\u003Cbr>􀁹 The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871)\u003Cbr>􀁼 Described human evolution\u003Cbr>􀁼 Saw aesthetic factors (“looks”) as sexual attractors\u003Cbr>􀁼 Thomas Huxley\u003Cbr>􀁹 Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature (1863)\u003Cbr>􀁼 First book to describe human evolution\u003Cbr>􀁼 These scientists wrote about human evolution before human fossil evidence was ever discovered | |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |\n\n\n| FOSSIL EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION\u003Cbr>􀁼 Paleontology\u003Cbr>􀁹 Study of prehistoric life of all forms, typically using fossils\u003Cbr>􀁼 Paleoanthropology\u003Cbr>􀁹 Study of prehistoric human life (and human ancestry), typically using fossils\u003Cbr>􀁼 Mary and Louis Leakey\u003Cbr>􀁹 Lifetimes dedicated to finding fossil evidence of human ancestors in Africa\u003Cbr>􀁹 Olduvai Gorge\u003Cbr>􀁼 “The Cradle of Mankind”\u003Cbr>􀁼 Great Rift Valley in eastern Africa (Tanzania)\u003Cbr>􀁼 Erosion reveals layers of datable artifacts, bones, and fossils going back 2,000,000 years | |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nSlide 4  \nSlide 5  \nSlide 6  \n\n| HOMINID EVOLUTION\u003Cbr>􀁼 Hominids = “great apes”\u003Cbr>􀁹 Chimpanzees, gorillas, humans, and orangutans\u003Cbr>􀁼 Numerous intermediary fossils have been found\u003Cbr>􀁹 But scientists disagree on which are human ancestors and which are evolutionary dead ends |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n\n\n| HUMAN EVOLUTION\u003Cbr>􀁼 Homo habilis |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 􀁹 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago\u003Cbr>􀁹 Fossils found in southern and eastern Africa\u003Cbr>􀁹 Used simple bone and stone tools\u003Cbr>􀁹 Nicknamed“handy man”\u003Cbr>􀁼 Homo erectus\u003Cbr>􀁹 1.8 million years ago to 70,000 years ago\u003Cbr>􀁹 First human ancestor to walk fully upright\u003Cbr>􀁹 Some made complex stone tools\u003Cbr>􀁹 Example – “Peking Man”\u003Cbr>􀁹 Descendants were humans and neanderthals | |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n\n\n| NEANDERTHALS\u003Cbr>􀁼 Homo sapiens neanderthalensis\u003Cbr>􀁼 Circa 400,000 to 30,000 years ago\u003Cbr>􀁼 Lived in Europe and Asia\u003Cbr>􀁼 Archaeogenetics – analysis of ancient and modern DNA\u003Cbr>􀁹 Comparison of human and Neanderthal DNA shows that humans are not descended from Neanderthals\u003Cbr>􀁹 Genes reveal that Neanderthals had red hair and fair skin\u003Cbr>􀁼 Fair skin developed to aid in the absorption of Vitamin D from the sun in areas far north of the equator\u003Cbr>􀁼 Convergent evolution – different species (such as humans and Neanderthals) developing same characteristic(s) | |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |\n\nSlide 7  \nSlide 8  \nSlide 9  \n\n| HUMANS – HOMO SAPIENS\u003Cbr>􀁼“Homo”(Latin) means “man”or“human”\u003Cbr>􀁼“Sapiens”(Latin) means “wise”or“intelligent”\u003Cbr>􀁼“Homo sapiens” = “wise man”or“wise human”\u003Cbr>􀁼Humans and Neanderthals both considered “sapiens”\u003Cbr>􀁼Anatomically modern humans in Africa by 200,000 years ago\u003Cbr>􀁹 Middle Paleolithic period | |\n| --- | --- |\n\n\n| MITOCHONDRIAL “EVE”\u003Cbr>􀁼 Mitochondrial DNA\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>􀁼 Mitochondrial “Eve”\u003Cbr>􀁹 Lived 60,000 to 250,000 years ago\u003Cbr>􀁹 Most recent common female ancestor of all living humans\u003Cbr>􀁹 Lived in or around modern-day Tanzania in Africa\u003Cbr>􀁹 She was part of a group of early humans\u003Cbr>􀁼 But only her mitochondrial DNA survives today | |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n\n\n| Y-CHROMOSOMAL “ADAM”\u003Cbr>􀁼 Y-chromosome\u003Cbr>􀁹 DNA that is passed from men\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Grandfather Father Son\u003Cbr>􀁼 Y-chromosomal “Adam” |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n| 􀁹 Circa 60,000 years ago\u003Cbr>􀁹 Most recent common male ancestor of all living humans\u003Cbr>􀁹 Lived in Africa\u003Cbr>􀁹 He lived as part of a group of early humans\u003Cbr>􀁼 But only his Y-chromosome survives today | |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n\nSlide 10  \nSlide 11  \nSlide 12  \n\n| HUMANS – HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS – “US” |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 􀁼 Fully modern humans (like us) in Africa by","cbCairlSUNuTfCZD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairlSUNuTfCZD","pdf",318013,"English","# First Theories of Human Evolution\n# Fossil Evidence for Evolution\n# Hominid Evolution\n# Human Evolution\n## Homo habilis\n## Homo erectus\n# Neanderthals\n# Humans – Homo sapiens\n# Mitochondrial “Eve” and Y-chromosomal “Adam”\n# Humans – Homo sapiens sapiens – “US”\n# Early Human Migrations\n# Review Questions","[{\"question\":\"How did early scientists link biological diversity to evolution?\",\"answer\":\"The handout notes Charles Darwin as first to link biological diversity to evolution through works like On the Origin of Species and later human-focused evolution ideas.\"},{\"question\":\"What is paleoanthropology and how does it use fossils?\",\"answer\":\"Paleoanthropology is the study of prehistoric human life (and ancestry), typically using fossils, and is used to investigate human origins.\"},{\"question\":\"What do mitochondrial “Eve” and Y-chromosomal “Adam” represent?\",\"answer\":\"Mitochondrial “Eve” is presented as the most recent common female ancestor of living humans, while Y-chromosomal “Adam” is the most recent common male ancestor, with only their respective genetic material surviving today.\"}]","The Earliest Humans - Handout | PDF",1792385169]