[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-602939-105":59,"doc-detail-602939-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-disciplinary-differences-in-the-characteristics-and-effects-of-non-tenure-track-faculty","The Disciplinary Differences in the Characteristics and Effects of Non-Tenure-Track Faculty","","The study uses state-college administrative data that link detailed instructor employment information to student outcomes to assess how non-tenure-track faculty differ across disciplines and employment arrangements. It compares temporary versus long-term non-tenure-line faculty, highlighting demographic and employment differences most strongly in STEM at 4-year colleges. An instrumental-variables approach addressing student sorting shows that introductory courses with temporary adjuncts reduce later student interest, with effects largest in STEM.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-disciplinary-differences-in-the-characteristics-and-effects-of-non-tenure-track-faculty/602939/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-disciplinary-differences-in-the-characteristics-and-effects-of-non-tenure-track-faculty/602939.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What data and strategy does the study use to evaluate non-tenure-track faculty effects?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses administrative data linking student transcripts to course instructors and employs an instrumental-variables strategy to address student sorting.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do temporary adjuncts versus long-term non-tenure faculty affect students?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Taking introductory courses with temporary adjuncts reduces subsequent student interest, with particularly large effects in STEM at 4-year colleges; long-term non-tenure faculty are generally comparable to tenure-track faculty for subsequent interest.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why might disciplinary differences emerge in non-tenure-track faculty impacts?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article argues that contractual form, working conditions, and variation in departmental contexts can shape instructors’ interactions and advising, influencing learning outcomes and later interest.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602939,1792209005,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687212988360,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Research Article  \nEducational Evaluation and Policy Analysis March 2022, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 50–78 DOI: 10. 3102/01623737211030467  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© 2021 AERA. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/epa](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/epa)  \nThe Disciplinary Differences in the Characteristics and Effects of Non-Tenure-Track Faculty  \nDi Xu  \nUniversity of California, Irvine  \nFlorence Xiaotao Ran  \nUniversity of Delaware  \nUsing data with detailed instructor employment information from a state college system, this study examines disciplinary variations in the characteristics and effects of non-tenure-track faculty hired through temporary and long-term employment. We identify substantial differences in demographic and employment characteristics between the two types of non-tenure-line faculty, where the differences are most pronounced in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and health-related fields (STEM) at 4-year colleges. Using an instrumental variables strategy to address student sorting, our analyses indicate that taking introductory courses with temporary adjuncts reduces subsequent interest, and the effects are particularly large in STEM fields at 4-year colleges. Long-term non-tenure faculty are generally comparable with tenure-track faculty in student subsequent interest, but tenure-track faculty are associated with better subsequent performance in a handful of fields.  \nKeywords: community colleges, economics of education, educational policy, quasi-experimental analysis  \nNotable theories on academic interest and success suggest that students’ experiences during their initial exposure to a discipline have substantial influence on their subsequent interest and academic choices (Gasiewski et al., 2012; Stinebrickner & Stinebrickner, 2014) . Arguably one of the most important factors in shaping these initial experiences is the course instructor. In view of the increasing reliance on non-tenuretrack faculty in postsecondary education institutions, researchers and policymakers have raised concerns that instructors hired through different contract types may differ in their academic knowledge, as well as in their job responsibilities and institutional support available to them (American Federation of Teachers, 2009; Kezar & Sam, 2010) . These differences could affect  \nhow instructors interact with and advise students, which, in turn, may influence students’ learning outcomes and subsequent interest in a discipline. Accordingly, there has been a growing policy interest in understanding the characteristics and effectiveness of non-tenure-track faculty relative to tenure-track faculty, as well as whether nontenure-track faculty hired through different contracts (such as temporary vs. long-term employment) may influence student outcomes differently.  \nWith the increasing availability of college administrative data sets that link student transcript records to course instructors, a small but growing number of studies have shed light on this issue using experimental or quasi-experimental designs (Bettinger & Long, 2010; Carrell  \nDisciplinary Differences of Non-Tenure-Track Faculty  \n& West, 2010; Figlio et al., 2015; Hoffmann & Oreopoulos, 2009; Ran & Xu, 2019; Xu, 2019) . Overall, there seems to be substantial variation in the employment conditions of non-tenure-track faculty across settings. For example, Figlio et al.(2015) conducted a study at an elite 4-year institution and found that non-tenure-line faculty tend to have a long-term relationship with the university and are employed through fixed-term contracts. In contrast, in other settings such as community colleges, many non-tenure-track faculty are employed through temporary part-time appointments (e.g., Xu, 2019) . Therefore, it isnot surprising that the estimated effects of nontenure-track faculty on student outcomes also vary across studies, r","cbCaio5ODdSpJL1H","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio5ODdSpJL1H","pdf",934834,29,"English","# Research Article Overview\n## Study Design and Data\n## Disciplinary Variation and Employment Types\n## Main Findings on Student Interest and Performance\n## Policy Implications","[{\"question\":\"What data and strategy does the study use to evaluate non-tenure-track faculty effects?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses administrative data linking student transcripts to course instructors and employs an instrumental-variables strategy to address student sorting.\"},{\"question\":\"How do temporary adjuncts versus long-term non-tenure faculty affect students?\",\"answer\":\"Taking introductory courses with temporary adjuncts reduces subsequent student interest, with particularly large effects in STEM at 4-year colleges; long-term non-tenure faculty are generally comparable to tenure-track faculty for subsequent interest.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might disciplinary differences emerge in non-tenure-track faculty impacts?\",\"answer\":\"The article argues that contractual form, working conditions, and variation in departmental contexts can shape instructors’ interactions and advising, influencing learning outcomes and later interest.\"}]","The Disciplinary Differences in the Characteristics and Effects of Non-Tenure-Track Faculty | PDF",1792095468,73]