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It also documents the creation of grade-level oral reading fluency passages for CBMSkills, covering Grades 1–5 with 17 passages per grade. Passage design targets the fluency component of a developmental reading model, with bias review, error editing, and instructional alignment. The report further outlines ORF overview, passage specifications, and initial accuracy research with sample student results.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-development-of-oral-reading-fluency-assessments-with-automatic-speech-recognition-for-use-in-cbmskills-technical-report-2302/582956/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-development-of-oral-reading-fluency-assessments-with-automatic-speech-recognition-for-use-in-cbmskills-technical-report-2302/582956.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rhys","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What assessment system does the report develop for measuring oral reading fluency?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The report develops an oral reading fluency assessment system for CBMSkills that uses automatic speech recognition to score words read correctly and incorrectly, including words correct per minute (WCPM).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the oral reading fluency passages created for CBMSkills?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Seventeen fictional passages were created for each grade from 1 through 5. Passages were written to match grade-level language and structure, with attention to cultural sensitivity and bias reduction, and then reviewed by reading assessment experts for errors and bias.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which types of speech recognition outputs are treated as incorrect in scoring?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Substitutions and omissions are recorded as incorrect. Insertions and repetitions are treated differently because counting them as incorrect would double the penalty by reducing WCPM.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},582956,1792209006,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687207024643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Technical Report \\# 2302  \nThe Development of Oral Reading Fluency Assessments with Automatic Speech Recognition in CBMSkills  \nAaron Glasgow Gerald Tindal Joseph F. T. Nese  \nUniversity of Oregon  \nPublished by  \nBehavioral Research and Teaching University of Oregon • 175 Education  \n5262 University of Oregon • Eugene, OR 97403-5262 Phone: 541-346-3535 • Fax: 541-346-5689  \n[http://brt.uoregon.edu](http://brt.uoregon.edu)  \nCopyright © 2023. Behavioral Research and Teaching. All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission.  \nAPA Reference: Nese, J. F. T., Glasgow, A., & Tindal, G. (2023) . The Development of Oral Reading Fluency Assessments with Automatic Speech Recognition for Use in CBMSkills. University of Oregon: Behavioral Research and Teaching. Technical Report Number 2302.  \nIn this technical report, we describe the development of an oral reading fluency assessment system that uses automatic speech recognition with immediate feedback provided on words read correct, incorrect, and words correct per minute (WCPM) .  \nThe University of Oregon is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, disability, public assistance status, veteran status, or sexual orientation. This document is available in alternative formats upon request.  \nAbstract  \nThis technical report describes the development of oral reading fluency passages for use in the CBMSkills assessment system. Seventeen passages were created for each of Grades 1 through 5. Passages were designed to target the fluency component of a developmental model of reading. All passages were written with the specification to use language and structure common for the grade level with similar cultural sensitivity and lack of bias to modern classroom materials. Each fictional passage was between 100 to 110 words in length. All passages were reviewed and edited by two experts in reading assessment for errors (e.g., format and grammatical), and bias (e.g., gender, cultural, religious, and geographical) .  \nThe Development of Oral Reading Fluency Passages for Use in CBMSkills  \nCBMSkills is a diagnostic system designed by researchers working with teachers to identify gaps students’ skills and tailor classroom instruction to meet the needs of every student. The system includes reading and mathematics assessments aligned to curriculum standards from the Kindergarten through Grade 5. In this technical report, we describe the development of the Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) assessment and initial research on its accuracy and its diagnostic focus. We begin with a brief overview of ORF as a construct and an assessment. We then provide information on the specifications for passage development. Finally, we describe the ORF assessment application in CBMSkills with sample results from a student.  \nORF Overview  \nStrong theoretical and empirical research supports ORF as an essential component of reading proficiency. In 2000, the National Reading Panel (NRP) concluded that reading fluency was one of five areas deemed central to learning to read, and that instruction promoting fluent reading is critical through elementary school, and that ORF is a malleable factor, amenable to instructional influence (NICHD, 2000). Reading with fluency decreases the cognitive demand of identifying and grouping words and allows for the simultaneous cognitive processing that underlies comprehension of text (Rasinski, 2006) . Literacy experts consider fluency to be a critical component of reading development (Rasinski et al., 2006; Samuels & Farstrup, 2006) .  \nFor over three decades, researchers have documented the strong association between ORF and reading proficiency (see Tindal, 2013) and its assessment has become ubiquitous inmost in elementary classrooms (Shapiro et al., 2006; Speece ","cbCaicH6HcdDm8tn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicH6HcdDm8tn","pdf",513751,17,"English","# Abstract\n# The Development of Oral Reading Fluency Passages for Use in CBMSkills\n## CBMSkills Overview\n# ORF Overview\n# Passage Development","[{\"question\":\"What assessment system does the report develop for measuring oral reading fluency?\",\"answer\":\"The report develops an oral reading fluency assessment system for CBMSkills that uses automatic speech recognition to score words read correctly and incorrectly, including words correct per minute (WCPM).\"},{\"question\":\"How were the oral reading fluency passages created for CBMSkills?\",\"answer\":\"Seventeen fictional passages were created for each grade from 1 through 5. Passages were written to match grade-level language and structure, with attention to cultural sensitivity and bias reduction, and then reviewed by reading assessment experts for errors and bias.\"},{\"question\":\"Which types of speech recognition outputs are treated as incorrect in scoring?\",\"answer\":\"Substitutions and omissions are recorded as incorrect. Insertions and repetitions are treated differently because counting them as incorrect would double the penalty by reducing WCPM.\"}]","The Development of Oral Reading Fluency Assessments with Automatic Speech Recognition for Use in CBMSkills - Technical Report 2302 | PDF",1792045115,43]