[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-591259-105":59,"doc-detail-591259-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-design-and-characteristics-of-school-improvement-plan-templates","The Design and Characteristics of School Improvement Plan Templates","","Resources such as school improvement plan (SIP) templates reflect governmental expectations and can shape how educators carry out school improvement planning. This exploratory qualitative study uses conventional content analysis to examine SIP templates used by U.S. schools before and after the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) in 2015. Results indicate templates emphasize developing SIPs over implementing them, raising concerns that SIPs may persist as compliance mechanisms rather than drivers of sustained improvement in schools.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-design-and-characteristics-of-school-improvement-plan-templates/591259/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-design-and-characteristics-of-school-improvement-plan-templates/591259.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"eBook King","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s main focus regarding SIP templates?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examined how the design and characteristics of SIP templates used by U.S. public schools differ before and after ESSA in 2015.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which research method was used to analyze the templates?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used conventional content analysis as an exploratory qualitative research approach to examine SIP templates.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the findings suggest about how SIP templates are used?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Findings suggest SIP templates focus more on developing SIP documents than on implementing them, indicating ongoing compliance-driven enactment rather than sustained improvement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591259,1792921392,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962088006270,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2023, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1–19 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584231168378  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2023. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nThe Design and Characteristics of School Improvement Plan Templates  \nBryan A. VanGronigen  \nUniversity of Delaware  \nCoby V. Meyers  \nUniversity of Virginia  \nRachel Antwi Adjei  \nLatrice Marianno  \nLinda Charris  \nUniversity of Delaware  \nResources for school improvement efforts, such as school improvement plan (SIP) templates, can espouse governmental entities’perspectives on and requirements and recommendations for the school improvement planning process. These resources, in turn, can influence how educators enact school improvement efforts generally and the school improvement planning process specifically. In this exploratory qualitative study, we leveraged a conventional content analysis to rigorously examine SIP templates used by schools in the United States before and after the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) in  \n2015. We were particularly interested in learning how a sample of SIP templates espoused the school improvement planning process before and after ESSA's passage. Findings suggest that SIP templates focused more on developing SIPs than implementing SIPs, raising concerns about SIPs continuing to be enacted out of compliance rather than as a mechanism for spurring and sustaining improvement efforts in schools.  \nKeywords: accountability, content analysis, educational policy, educational reform, organization theory/change, planning, qualitative research, school improvement plan, school improvement planning, state education agency, template, theory-of-action  \nSchool accountability policies from around the world list an array of mandates and recommendations to improve schools. One prevalent mandate, especially in the United States, calls for the development of a school improvement plan (SIP) . Since the 1970s, many U.S. states have required that schools develop SIPs, and, in the 1990s, the U.S. federal government started to require that all state-designated underperforming schools develop SIPs (IASA, 1994; Odden & Dougherty, 1982) . These school accountability policy mandates assert that SIPs are an improvement tool for educators to use to set direction, organize resources, and take actions to enhance school performance (Beach & Lindahl, 2007; Doud, 1995) . Studies have found that higher-quality SIPs are positively—but often not significantly—correlated with better student achievement in English/language arts (ELA) and/or mathematics (Fernandez, 2011; Huber & Conway, 2015; Strunk et al., 2016; VanGronigen & Meyers, 2022). Yet, other work suggests that educators charged with developing SIPs consider the process to be more of a compliance exercise than a  \nlegitimate tool for improving their schools (Meyers & VanGronigen, 2019; Mintrop et al., 2001) . As a result, educators create SIPs that are just “good enough”(Simon, 1957, p. xxv) to be approved by their school district or their state education agency (SEA) so they can check the SIP off their to-do list and return to work they deem more important (Duke, 2015; Duke et al., 2013) .  \nStudy Purpose and Research Questions  \nThe U.S. federal government and many SEAs, scholars, and practitioners have developed a range of resources over the last 30 years to aid educators in crafting high-quality SIPs, from targeted professional workshops to extensive school improvement toolkits (Anfara et al., 2006; Rhimet al., 2007; Scott et al., 2009). In the present study, we focus on one resource: SIP templates. Prior work (e.g., Miller, 2003; Rentner et al., 2017; Rhim & Redding, 2011; White & Smith, 2010) has found that some SEAs devise their own  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Cr","cbCais0XkWZ2C2Am","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais0XkWZ2C2Am","pdf",499659,"English","# Study Purpose and Research Questions\n## Research Context and Background\n## Findings and Implications","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main focus regarding SIP templates?\",\"answer\":\"The study examined how the design and characteristics of SIP templates used by U.S. public schools differ before and after ESSA in 2015.\"},{\"question\":\"Which research method was used to analyze the templates?\",\"answer\":\"The study used conventional content analysis as an exploratory qualitative research approach to examine SIP templates.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the findings suggest about how SIP templates are used?\",\"answer\":\"Findings suggest SIP templates focus more on developing SIP documents than on implementing them, indicating ongoing compliance-driven enactment rather than sustained improvement.\"}]","The Design and Characteristics of School Improvement Plan Templates | PDF",1792071446,48]