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Mackett, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London N Paulley, TRL Limited  \nJ Preston, Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford  \nJ Shires, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds H Titheridge, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London M Wardman, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds P White, Transport Studies Group, University of Westminster  \nTRL Report TRL593  \nFirst Published 2004  \nISSN 0968-4107  \nCopyright TRL Limited 2004.  \nThis report has been produced by the contributory authors and published by TRL Limited as part of a project funded by EPSRC (Grants No GR/R18550/01, GR/R18567/01 and GR/R18574/01) and also supported by a number of other institutions as listed on the acknowledgements page. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the supporting and funding organisations  \nTRL is committed to optimising energy efficiency, reducing waste and promoting recycling and re-use. In support of these environmental goals, this report has been printed on recycled paper, comprising 100% post-consumer waste, manufactured using a TCF (totally chlorine free) process.  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nThe assistance of the following organisations is gratefully acknowledged:  \nArriva  \nAssociation of Train Operating Companies (ATOC) Confederation of Passenger Transport (CPT) Department for Transport (DfT)  \nEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)  \nFirstGroup plc  \nGo-Ahead Group plc  \nGreater Manchester Public Transport  \nExecutive (GMPTE)  \nInternational Association of Public Transport (UITP) Local Government Association (LGA)  \nNational Express Group plc Nexus  \nNetwork Rail  \nRees Jeffery Road Fund Stagecoach Group plc Strategic Rail Authority (SRA)  \nTransport for London (TfL) Travel West Midlands  \nThe Working Group coordinating the project consisted of the authors and Jonathan Pugh and Matthew Chivers ofATOC and David Harley, David Walmsley and Mark James ofCPT.  \nThe study was overseen by a Steering Group consisting of the members of the Working Group and the following people whose contribution is also gratefully acknowledged:  \nChairman: Mike Walsh (DfT)  \nVince Christie (LGA)  \nJohn Dodgson (NERA)  \nMalcolm Fairhurst (TfL)  \nNeil Fleming (SRA)  \nBernard Garner (Nexus)  \nPhil Goodwin (UCL)  \nBill Harbottle (Nexus)  \nLine Juissant (UITP)  \nSteve Lowe (MVA)  \nRoland Niblett (Colin Buchanan & Partners) Derek Palmer (Steer Davies Gleave)  \nRichard Rampton (National Express)  \nJulie Rickard (Network Rail)  \nElaine Rosscraig (Stagecoach)  \nDavid Simmonds (David Simmonds Consultancy) Bob Stannard (SRA)  \nBill Tyson (GMPTE)  \nIan Wallis (Booz Allen Hamilton)  \nRichard Warwick (Arriva)  \nAndrew Wickham (Go Ahead Group plc)  \nNigel Wilson (MIT)  \nMike Woodhouse (Arriva)  \nHoward Wyborn (EPSRC)  \nIn addition there are many people at the authors’ institutions who have contributed to the study. The authors would particularly like to acknowledge the role of Chris Nash of the University of Leeds and Martin Higginson then of TRL in helping to design and initiate the project. Others to whom thanks are due are Joyce Dargay, Phil Goodwin, Mark Hanly, Graham Parkhurst, and Emma Shane at University College London, Paula Bagchi at the University of Westminster, Tom Sanson then of the University of Leeds, Biao Huang and Fiona Raje at the University of Oxford, and Claire Vance and Helen Harper at TRL.  \niv  \nCONTENTS  \nPage  \nExecutive Summary 1  \n1 Introduction 3  \n1.1 The need for a new report on public transport demand 3  \n1.2 Scope of the report 4  \n1.3 Structure of the report 4  \n2 Setting the scene 5  \n2.1 Scope of the study 5  \n2.2 Transport modes 5  \n2.3 Demand for different forms of public transport 7  \n2.4 Variations in demand 7  \n2.5 Trends in public transport demand and provision 11  \n2.6 Concluding observations 15  \n3 Summary of findings 15  \n3.1 Eff","cbCairoFxsW0IHEe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairoFxsW0IHEe","pdf",1423145,246,"English","# Executive Summary\n## 1 Introduction\n## 2 Setting the scene\n## 3 Summary of findings\n## 4 Data sources and methodology\n## 5 Demand functions and elasticities\n## 6 Effects of fares\n## 7 Effects of quality of service: time factors","[{\"question\":\"What is the report’s main purpose regarding public transport demand?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on explaining and quantifying public transport demand using both conceptual tools and empirical evidence, with emphasis on fares, service quality, and interactions with wider factors.\"},{\"question\":\"Which key factors are analyzed as drivers of demand?\",\"answer\":\"The report examines fare effects, quality of service (especially time factors), demand interactions, income and car ownership, land-use links, and the impact of other transport policies and new modes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report model and measure demand effects?\",\"answer\":\"It discusses data sources and methodology and applies elasticity concepts, including modelling, guidelines for practical use of elasticities, and approaches to handling preference changes not reflected in elasticity values.\"}]","The demand for public transport: a practical guide - TRL Report TRL593 - First Published 2004 | PDF",620]