[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-321189-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-321189-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-curiously-different-inflation-perspectives-of-men-and-women","The Curiously Different Inflation Perspectives of Men and Women","","A commentary examines the role of public inflation perceptions and expectations in shaping how households interpret real monetary decisions. Using a monthly survey of roughly 500 Ohioans, it finds systematic demographic patterns in inflation sentiment, with women and men holding persistently different views even after controlling for income, age, education, race, and marital status. The analysis compares perceived and official inflation rates and explores possible behavioral explanations related to shopping habits, raising questions about survey-based “irrationality.”",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-curiously-different-inflation-perspectives-of-men-and-women/321189/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-curiously-different-inflation-perspectives-of-men-and-women/321189.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Violet","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How do men’s and women’s inflation perceptions differ in the survey?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Respondents’ perceived inflation differs substantially by gender: men report a lower average perception than women. The gap remains meaningful even though both groups are responding to the same survey framework.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What does the study find after controlling for demographic factors?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Even after accounting for income, age, education, race, and marital status, women still tend to expect higher inflation than men. This suggests gender differences persist beyond observable demographics.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What explanation related to shopping habits does the commentary consider?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The commentary considers the idea that women may shop more and therefore evaluate price changes better. It argues this explanation is unconvincing because shopping experience alone would not clearly produce systematic differences across genders.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},321189,1790615915,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":97,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},4398048950312,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908","by MichaelF.Bryan and Guhan Venkatu  \nThe publiesecainofinaionisthe linchpin between any monetary deci-sion and its inflation-adjusted,or \"real\"payoff,and therefore is of great interestto economists and economic policymak-ers.However,neither academics nor pol-icy officials seem to pay much attentionto direct measures of the public's infla-tion expectations—survey data.This isprobably because people's predictionsabout price increases appear,on average,systematically wide of the mark.In fact,over the period of relatively stable infla-tion since 1990,survey data suggest thatthe average inflation expectation of U.S.households has been well in excess ofthe official inflation estimates.  \nOver the past few years,the FederalReserve Bank of Cleveland,with assis-tance from the Ohio State University,hasstudied houschold inflation perceptionsand expectations using a monthly surveyof approximately 500 Ohioans(theFRBC/OSU Inflation PsuchologvSurvey).This survey,which recordsrespondents'perceptions ofprice changesover the past 12 months as well as theirexpectations for price changes over thenext 12 months,has uncovered a surpris-ing result.The data indicate that the pub-lic's estimatesand predictions of inflationare significantly and systematicallyrelated to thedemographic characteristicsof the respondents.People with highincomes perceive and anticipate muchless inflation than people with lowincomes,married people less than singles,whites less than nonwhites,and middle-aged people less than young people.²This Commentary describes what is per-haps the most curious observation of all:Even after we hold constant income,age,education,race,and marital status,menand women hold very different views onthe rate at which prices are changing.  \n■ He Said,She Said  \nIn the roughly 20,000 responses we havereceived from our telephone survey since  \n# The Curiously Different InflationPerspectives of Men and Women\n\nAugust 1998,the average rate at whichrespondents thought prices had risen overthe previous 12 months was about 6.0percent.This \"perception\"of inflation ismore than twice the rise recorded by theConsumer Price Index(CPI)over thesame period(2.7 percent).Further,if weseparate our sample by gender,we findthat the average inflation perceived bythe nearly 8,500 men who answered oursurvey was 4.6 percent.While thisresponse is higher than the official CPIinflation estimate,it pales in comparisonto the 6.9 percent inflation perceived bythe roughly 11,500 women who took oursurvey.What accounts for such a largediscrepancy between the inflation rateperceived by the two sexes?  \nWe can attribute some of the large gapbetween men and women to characteris-tics other than their gender.In a randomsample of houscholds,men tend to havehigher education levels and earn a higherincome,both of which are also associ-ated with how one perceives and predictsinflation.But statistical tests reveal thateven after we adjust for the respondents'age,race,education,and income,womenin our survey tended to think inflationwas 1.9 percentage points higher thanmen.³A similar examination of respon-dents'predictions of future inflationyields the same basic result:After weaccount for other major demographicfactors,on average,women expectedprices to rise 2.I percentage points morethan men.  \nConsider also table I(a),which showsthe inflation perceptions and expecta-tions of white,working-aged persons(25 to 64 years)by income quintile,mar-ital status,and gender.Note that acrossall of these demographically consistentgroups,women hold a higher inflationperception and expectation than men.  \nThis finding is not unique to the periodover which our survey has existed.  \nNovember 2001*  \nThat men and women occasionallysee things differently is not a remark-able observation.But that the sexescould report vastly different perspec-tives on the rate at which prices arerising over a long period of time isastonishing.This Commentarydescribes the difference in inflationsentiment held by men and women—ap","cbCaipsQfObuqvEw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipsQfObuqvEw","pdf",1494942,"English","# The Curiously Different Inflation Perspectives of Men and Women\n## Perceptions, Expectations, and Shopping Habits","[{\"question\":\"How do men’s and women’s inflation perceptions differ in the survey?\",\"answer\":\"Respondents’ perceived inflation differs substantially by gender: men report a lower average perception than women. The gap remains meaningful even though both groups are responding to the same survey framework.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study find after controlling for demographic factors?\",\"answer\":\"Even after accounting for income, age, education, race, and marital status, women still tend to expect higher inflation than men. This suggests gender differences persist beyond observable demographics.\"},{\"question\":\"What explanation related to shopping habits does the commentary consider?\",\"answer\":\"The commentary considers the idea that women may shop more and therefore evaluate price changes better. It argues this explanation is unconvincing because shopping experience alone would not clearly produce systematic differences across genders.\"}]","The Curiously Different Inflation Perspectives of Men and Women | PDF",1789958637,13]