[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40030-en":3,"doc-seo-40030-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40030,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",2,"Literature","The Creation of Feminist Consciousness From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-seventy","Gerda Lerner’s work traces the long emergence of feminist consciousness from the Middle Ages to 1870, grounding the analysis in how women’s relationship to history developed. The preface explains that understanding women’s subordination requires studying access to resources, gendered control, and ideas about gender that precede written records. It highlights the decisive role of religion as a major arena of struggle and the impact of the dethroning of goddesses on later searches for divine connection.","lhe Creationof FeministConsciouSneSS  \nFrom the Middle Ages toEighteen-seventy  \nGERDA  \nLERNER  \n# THE CREATION OFFEMINIST CONSCIOUSNESS\n\nWOMEN AND HISTORYby GERDA LERNER  \nVOLUME ONEThe Creation of Patriarchy  \nVOLUME TWO  \nThe Creation of Feminist Consciousness:From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-seventy  \nTHE CREATIONOF FEMINISTCONSCIOUSNESS  \nC  \nFrom the Middle Agesto Eighteen-seventy  \n.  \nCERDA LERNER  \nOXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSNew York ·Oxford  \nOxford University Press  \nOxford New York TorontoDelhi Bombay Calcutta Madras KarachiKuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong TokyoNairobi.Dar es Salaam Cape TownMelbourne Auckland Madrid  \nand associated companies inBerlin Ibadan  \nCopyright ◎1993  \nFirst published in 1993 by Oxford University Press,Inc.,200 Madison Avenue,New York,New York 10016  \nFirst issued as an Oxford University Press paperback,1994Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press  \nAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without prior permission of Oxford University Press,Inc.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataLerner,Gerda,1920-The creation of feminist consciousness:From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-seventyGerda Lerner.  \np.cm.(Women and history;v.2)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-19-506604-9ISBN 0-19-509060-8(pbk.)  \n1.Women—History.2.Feminist theory—History.  \n3.Women intellectuals—History.4.Civilization,Western—History.  \nI.Title.II.Series:Lerner,Gerda,1920-Women and history;v.2.HQ1121.L471986 vol.2305.42—dc2092-20411  \n24681097531Printed in the United States of America  \nTo my grandchildrento whom the impossible will seem commonplace:  \nSOPHIA and JOSHUAREED and CLAY  \n# Preface andAcknowledgments\n\nThis two-volume work has been many years in the making.It beganin 1977 with my hypothesis that it is the nature of the relationshipof women to history which explains the long duration of their sub-ordination and the slow development of the rise of feminist con-sciousness.The design for the present book was fairly clear in mymind when I began the work,but I soon found that I needed toknow more about the origin and the causes of women's subordina-tion which preceded the creation of written history,before I couldadequately deal with women's relationship to that history.Thus,Volume One of this work,The Creation of Patriarchy,came to bewritten as a sort of grand detour.I have not regretted that detour,for it was indeed essential to sharpening my understanding of theinteraction between access to resources (class),men's sexual and bodilycontrol over women,and ideas about gender which spring from suchmaterial realities.But the most important thing I learned was thesignificance to women of their relationship to the Divine and theprofound impact the severing of that relationship had on the historyof women.Only after exploring the process of the\"dethroning ofthe goddesses\"in the various cultures of the Ancient Near East couldI fully appreciate the depth and urgency of the search of Jewish andChristian women for connection to the Divine,which found expres-sion in more than 1000 years of feminist Bible criticism and reli-gious re-visioning.The insight that religion was the primary arenaon which women fought for hundreds of years for feminist con-  \nviii·Preface and Acknowledgments  \nsciousness was not one I had previously had.It was won in work onVolume One;I listened to the voices of forgotten women and ac-cepted what they told me.  \nVolume Two took another seven years of work.It would havetaken far longer had it not been for the continuing support I receivedfrom the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the form of my ap-pointment as Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Senior Distin-guished Research Professor,1984-91.This generous chair appoint-ment gave me each year one semester free of teaching obligations,which permitted me to","cbCaisHOhErZMqz5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisHOhErZMqz5","pdf",34007146,4,1,410,"English","en",105,"# Preface and Acknowledgments\n## Development of the Two-Volume Project\n## Religion, Divine Connection, and Feminist Struggle","[{\"question\":\"What is the central hypothesis behind Lerner’s two-volume project?\",\"answer\":\"The project begins with the hypothesis that the nature of women’s relationship to history helps explain the long duration of their subordination and the slow development of feminist consciousness.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did Volume One, The Creation of Patriarchy, become a necessary detour?\",\"answer\":\"Lerner explains that she needed to understand the origins and causes of women’s subordination before addressing women’s relationship to written history.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does religion play in the development of women’s feminist consciousness?\",\"answer\":\"Religion is presented as a primary arena where women fought for feminist consciousness for hundreds of years, and the severing of women’s relationship to the Divine is described as having profound historical impact.\"}]",1783089518,631,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"the-creation-of-feminist-consciousness-from-the-middle-ages-to-eighteen-seventy","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-creation-of-feminist-consciousness-from-the-middle-ages-to-eighteen-seventy/40030/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-11","2026-07-03",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What 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