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Twelve learners’ speech samples were transcribed and analyzed to quantify different word counts, individual word frequencies, and cross-participant commonality. Results identified 239 words meeting inclusion criteria, representing 79.4% of all words used. Findings support incorporating these core items into Afrikaans AAC systems to improve access to novel utterance generation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-core-vocabulary-of-south-african-afrikaans-speaking-grade-r-learners-without-disabilities/490687/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-core-vocabulary-of-south-african-afrikaans-speaking-grade-r-learners-without-disabilities/490687.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-11","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study’s main objective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To identify the most frequently and commonly used words produced by South African Afrikaans-speaking Grade R learners without disabilities for AAC vocabulary selection.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the data collected and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Spontaneous speech samples were collected from 12 Afrikaans-speaking Grade R learners, transcribed and analyzed for the number of different words, word frequency, and how widely each word was used across participants.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the key results of the core vocabulary analysis?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A total of 239 words met the inclusion criteria (frequency above 0.05% and used by at least half of participants), accounting for 79.4% of words used in the entire speech sample.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},490687,1790924842,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","South African Journal of Communication Disorders  \nISSN: (Online) 2225-4765,(Print) 0379-8046  \n~~ ~~ Page 1 of 8   \nOrigina~~l Research ~~  \nThe core vocabulary of South African Afrikaansspeaking Grade R learners without disabilities  \nAuthors:  \nDanél Hattingh1  Kerstin M. Tönsing1   \nAffiliations:  \n1Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa  \nCorresponding author:  \nKerstin Tönsing,  \n[kerstin.tonsing@gmail.com](kerstin.tonsing@gmail.com)  \nDates:  \nReceived: 09 Feb. 2020  \nAccepted: 28 Apr. 2020  \nPublished: 20 July 2020  \nHow to cite this article:  \nHattingh, D., & Tönsing, M. K.(2020) . The core vocabulary of South African Afrikaansspeaking Grade R learners without disabilities.  \nSouth African Journal of Communication Disorders, 67(1), a701 . [https://doi](https://doi). org/10.4102/sajcd.v67i1.701  \nCopyright:  \n© 2020. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.  \nRead online:  \nScan this QR code with your smart phone or mobile device to read online.  \nBackground: Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) can enable individuals with little or no functional speech to communicate functionally in a variety of communication contexts. AAC systems for individuals who are not (yet) fully literate often require that the vocabulary for the system be preselected. By including the most commonly- and most frequently-used words (core vocabulary) in an AAC system, access to novel utterance generation can arguably be facilitated. At present, no Afrikaans core vocabulary list based on children’s speech samples exists.  \nObjectives: This study aimed to identify the most frequently-and commonly-used words of South African Afrikaans-speaking Grade R learners without disabilities.  \nMethod: Spontaneous speech samples were collected from 12 Afrikaans-speaking Grade R learners during regular preschool activities. Samples were transcribed and analysed to determine the number of different words used, the frequency with which each word was used, as well as the commonality of word use across the 12 participants.  \nResults: A total of 239 words met the criteria for inclusion in the core vocabulary (words used with a frequency of more than 0.05% in the sample, and used by at least half of the participants) . These words accounted for 79.4% of words used in the entire speech sample.  \nConclusion: The established core vocabulary consists of a relatively small set of words that was found to represent a large proportion of speech. AAC team members may consider including these words on Afrikaans AAC systems that are intended to give access to a measure of novel utterance generation.  \nKeywords: Afrikaans; augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); core vocabulary; Grade R learners; vocabulary selection.  \nIntroduction  \nAugmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, such as those representing words and messages with graphic symbols, can support communication for persons with little or no functional speech who are not (yet) fully literate. Graphic symbol-based systems require the preselection of vocabulary. The selected vocabulary should enable the person using the system to meet all their communication needs across different contexts and with different partners (Fallon, Light & Paige, 2001), but should be small enough to minimise the cognitive and motor demands in memorising and navigating to the location of the vocabulary. Vocabulary selection typically requires people other than the individual who will use the vocabulary to predict the words this person will require in all the communication situations that he or she encounters (Dark & Balandin, 2007) . This is a complex process, often leading to the inclusion of irrelevant and seldom-used words (Dark & Balandin, 2007) . Various ways to select the most relevant and appropriate vocabulary have been suggested and researched (Thistle & Wilkinson, 2015) . One such ","cbCaiubQO8Ymrugp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiubQO8Ymrugp","pdf",674054,"English","# Background\n# Objectives\n# Method\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s main objective?\",\"answer\":\"To identify the most frequently and commonly used words produced by South African Afrikaans-speaking Grade R learners without disabilities for AAC vocabulary selection.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the data collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Spontaneous speech samples were collected from 12 Afrikaans-speaking Grade R learners, transcribed and analyzed for the number of different words, word frequency, and how widely each word was used across participants.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key results of the core vocabulary analysis?\",\"answer\":\"A total of 239 words met the inclusion criteria (frequency above 0.05% and used by at least half of participants), accounting for 79.4% of words used in the entire speech sample.\"}]","The core vocabulary of South African Afrikaans-speaking Grade R learners without disabilities | PDF",1790841404]