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The review summarizes evidence for targeting neurotrophic factor activation, highlights autonomic regulation of tumor growth, and explains how sympathetic activation can trigger cancer-associated cachexia via CNS-linked signaling pathways.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-contribution-of-the-nervous-system-in-the-cancer-progression-invited-mini-review/333335/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-contribution-of-the-nervous-system-in-the-cancer-progression-invited-mini-review/333335.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ava Thompson","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How does the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to cancer progression?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The TME contains cancer, immune, stromal, and neuronal cells that influence each other through cytokines, vascular perfusion, and matrix stiffness.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which neurotrophic factors are discussed, and what is their relevance?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review focuses on NGF, BDNF, and GDNF (and related factors), noting their association with poor prognosis and their roles in neuron-related survival and differentiation.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does the autonomic nervous system influence tumor growth?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Sympathetic signaling is described as predominantly promoting tumor progression, while parasympathetic effects vary by cancer type; neurotransmitters can impact tumor or immune cells within the TME.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},333335,1790827265,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":116,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1649267921044,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1786009248482753345","BMB Reports  \nBMB Rep. 2024; 57(4): 167-175  \n[www.bmbreports.org](www.bmbreports.org)  \n Invited Mini Review   \nThe contribution of the nervous system in the cancer progression  \nHongryeol Park1 & Chan Hee Lee2,3, *  \n1Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster D-48149, Germany, 2Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, 3Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea  \nCancer progression is driven by genetic mutations, environmental factors, and intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME comprises of diverse cell types, such as cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and neuronal cells. These cells mutually influence each other through various factors, including cytokines, vascular perfusion, and matrix stiffness. In the initial or developmental stage of cancer, neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor are associated with poor prognosis of various cancers by communicating with cancer cells, immune cells, and peripheral nerves within the TME. Over the past decade, research has been conducted to prevent cancer growth by controlling the activation of neurotrophic factors within tumors, exhibiting a novelattemt in cancer treatment with promising results. More recently, research focusing on controlling cancer growth through regulation of the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, has gained significant attention. Sympathetic signaling predominantly promotes tumor progression, while the role of parasympathetic signaling varies among different cancer types. Neurotransmitters released from these signalings can directly or indirectly affect tumor cells or immune cells within the TME. Additionally, sensory nerve significantly promotes cancer progression. In the advanced stage of cancer, cancer-associated cachexia occurs, characterized by tissue wasting and reduced quality of life. This process involves the pathways via brainstem growth and differentiation factor 15-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-like signaling and hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons. Our review highlights the critical role of neurotrophic factors as well as central nervous system on the progression of cancer, offering promising avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies.[BMB Reports 2024; 57(4): 167-175]  \n*Corresponding author. Tel: +82-33-248-2117; Fax: +82-33-256-3420; E-mail: [chl22@hallym.ac.kr](chl22@hallym.ac.kr)  \n[https://doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2024-0019](https://doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2024-0019)  \nReceived 23 December 2023, Revised 9 February 2024, Accepted 19 March 2024, Published online 3 April 2024  \nKeywords: Cancer, Central nervous system, Neuro-immune axis, Neurotrophic factors, Cancer-associated cachexia  \nINTRODUCTION  \nCancer is a complex disease influenced by genetic mutation, environment, and the interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment (1) . The Tumor Microenvironment (TME), composed of diverse cellular components such as tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells and non-cellular components such as extracellular matrix, which crucially regulate tumor initiation, progression, and treatment prognosis (2) . In the recent decade, emerging evidence have highlighted the importance of neurotrophic factors and neural signals on the tumor growth and interaction within the TME, suggesting new avenues for therapeutic targets. Our review highlights the latest knowledge regarding the contribution of neurotrophic factors on the cancer cell growth and metastasis as well as the critical impact of central nervous system (CNS) on tumor growth through the autonomic or sensory nervous system. Lastly, we have described the mechanism by which sympathetic activation induced by cancer triggers cancer","cbCaipl0he8iTFj4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipl0he8iTFj4","pdf",1840601,"English","# Introduction\n# Interactions between cancer cells and peripheral nerve\n## Neurotrophic factors and receptor signaling\n## Single-cell expression evidence (CancerSCEM)\n# Autonomic and sensory nervous system regulation\n# Central nervous system mechanisms in cancer-associated cachexia","[{\"question\":\"How does the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"The TME contains cancer, immune, stromal, and neuronal cells that influence each other through cytokines, vascular perfusion, and matrix stiffness.\"},{\"question\":\"Which neurotrophic factors are discussed, and what is their relevance?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on NGF, BDNF, and GDNF (and related factors), noting their association with poor prognosis and their roles in neuron-related survival and differentiation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the autonomic nervous system influence tumor growth?\",\"answer\":\"Sympathetic signaling is described as predominantly promoting tumor progression, while parasympathetic effects vary by cancer type; neurotransmitters can impact tumor or immune cells within the TME.\"}]","The contribution of the nervous system in the cancer progression - Invited Mini Review | PDF",1790002027,23]