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The material details Metternich’s positions and the treaty principles of compensation and legitimacy, including major territorial changes across Europe. It also covers buffer states, the Quadruple and Holy Alliances, and the resulting attempt to suppress nationalism and maintain international peace.",{"@graph":69,"@context":116},[70,84,99],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-congress-of-vienna-student-handouts-compensation-and-legitimacy-613331/613331/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"author":86,"headline":65,"publisher":89,"fileFormat":92,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":93,"datePublished":93,"encodingFormat":92,"isAccessibleForFree":94,"interactionStatistic":95},"DigitalDocument",{"name":87,"@type":88},"Cipher","Person",{"url":74,"name":90,"@type":91},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":96,"interactionType":97,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":98},"ViewAction",{"@type":100,"mainEntity":101},"FAQPage",[102,108,112],{"name":103,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":105},"Who were the “Big Four” at the Congress of Vienna?","Question",{"text":106,"@type":107},"The “Big Four” were Austria, England, Prussia, and Russia.","Answer",{"name":109,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What were the principles of compensation and legitimacy?",{"text":111,"@type":107},"Compensation rewarded Napoleon’s enemies with land and redrew the map of Europe. Legitimacy restored pre-Napoleon rulers, including the Bourbon, Braganza, Orange, Savoy, and other dynasties and authorities.",{"name":113,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":114},"What were the results of the Congress of Vienna?",{"text":115,"@type":107},"The Congress created the Concert of Europe, temporarily suppressed democratic and nationalistic ideals, and established a period of international peace in Europe until later major conflicts such as the Crimean War, Austro-Prussian War, and Franco-Prussian 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| |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| • European monarchs sought to turn back the clock to 1789 and restore Europe’s Old Regime\u003Cbr>• Members included the “Big Four” and France\u003Cbr>– Austria – Prince Metternich\u003Cbr>– England – Duke of Wellington and Lord Castlereagh\u003Cbr>– France – Talleyrand\u003Cbr>– Prussia – Frederick William III, Hardenberg, and Humboldt\u003Cbr>– Russia – Tsar Alexander I    |  |  |\n\n\n|  Metternich (1773-1859) \u003Cbr>• Opposed democracy and nationalism\u003Cbr>• Proposed principles of compensation and |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| legitimacy | |\n\nSlide 4  \nSlide 5  \nSlide 6  \nCompensation and Legitimacy  \n• Compensation  \n– Napoleon’s enemies rewarded with land  \n– Other nations compensated for land taken  \n– Redrew the map of Europe  \n• Legitimacy  \n– Restoration of pre-Napoleon rulers  \n– House of Bourbon – France, Spain, and the two Sicilies  \n– House of Braganza – Portugal  \n– House of Orange – Netherlands  \n– House of Savoy – Sardinia  \n– German princes – territories in the Confederation of the Rhine  \n– Pope and Catholic Church – Papal States  \nTerritorial Changes • Austria gained Lombardy, Modena, Parma, Tuscany, and Venetia (all are areas in Italy)  \n• England gained Cape Colony, Ceylon, Heligoland, Guiana, and Malta (areas in Africa, the Americas, and Asia)  \n• Holland gained Austrian Netherlands (Belgium)  \n• Prussia gained part of Poland, land along the  \nRhine River, 40% of Saxony, Swedish Pomerania, and Westphalia  \n• Russia gained Finland and part of Poland  \n• Sweden gained Norway  \n Fate of Nationalism   \n• People had no say over territorial changes  \n• Language, nationality, and religion weren’t taken into consideration  \n• Ideas of democracy and self-government were rejected by European leadership  \n• Soon enough, concessions were made  \nSlide 7  \nSlide 8  \nSlide 9  \n Louis XVIII of France   \n• No more divine right of kings  \n• Charter (Constitution) granted in 1814  \n• Could not restore feudalism and serfdom  \n• Continuing religious toleration guaranteed  \n Buffer States   \n• Designed to prevent France from again becoming a threat  \n• Holland and Sardinia enlarged and strengthened  \n• European nations guaranteed Switzerland’s neutrality  \n Quadruple and Holy Alliances   \n• Metternich desired to maintain the status quo and make the Vienna treaties permanent  \n• Quadruple Alliance of 1815  \n– Austria, England, Prussia, and Russia  \n– France joined in 1818  \n– Pledged to put down democratic or nationalistic revolts  \n• Holy Alliance  \n– Organized by Tsar Alexander I of Russia  \n– Most European monarchs joined  \n– Pledged to govern with charity, justice, and peace  \n• But none of them did so  \nSlide 10  \nSlide 11  \n Results of the Congress of Vienna   \n• Concert of Europe – group of leading nations which periodically met to discuss issues regarding stability  \n• Temporary suppression of democratic and nationalistic ideals  \n• International peace – no general war in Europe until World War I a hundred years later  \n– Crimean War (1854-1856)  \n– Austro-Prussian War (1866)  \n– Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)  \n\n| | Review Questions  |\n| --- | --- |\n| • What countries made up the “Big Four” at the Congress of Vienna?\u003Cbr>• What were the principles of compensation and legitimacy?\u003Cbr>• How did the Congress of Vienna redraw the map of Europe?\u003Cbr>• What was the purpose of the Quadruple Alliance?\u003Cbr>• What were the results of the Congress of Vienna? |  |\n\n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\n___________________________________  \n___________________________________","cbCaij1o3v1gMh2H","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij1o3v1gMh2H","pdf",267384,"English","# The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)\n## Metternich and the “Big Four”\n## Compensation and Legitimacy\n## Territorial Changes and Fate of Nationalism\n## Louis XVIII, Buffer States, and Alliances\n## Results of the Congress of Vienna\n## Review Questions","[{\"question\":\"Who were the “Big Four” at the Congress of Vienna?\",\"answer\":\"The “Big Four” were Austria, England, Prussia, and Russia.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the principles of compensation and legitimacy?\",\"answer\":\"Compensation rewarded Napoleon’s enemies with land and redrew the map of Europe. Legitimacy restored pre-Napoleon rulers, including the Bourbon, Braganza, Orange, Savoy, and other dynasties and authorities.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the results of the Congress of Vienna?\",\"answer\":\"The Congress created the Concert of Europe, temporarily suppressed democratic and nationalistic ideals, and established a period of international peace in Europe until later major conflicts such as the Crimean War, Austro-Prussian War, and Franco-Prussian War.\"}]","The Congress of Vienna - Student Handouts - Compensation and Legitimacy | PDF"]