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The article reviews calling theory and its links to life meaning, satisfaction, purpose, and psychological well-being. It then reports that strengths-self efficacy, civic engagement, and spirituality significantly predict sense of calling. Research and practice implications are discussed for student affairs professionals supporting positive student outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-composition-of-calling-examining-predictors-of-calling-in-first-year-college-students/599278/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-composition-of-calling-examining-predictors-of-calling-in-first-year-college-students/599278.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"WPS_1790064749","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study mean by “sense of calling”?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Sense of calling is defined as a person’s belief that they are called to do particular work, stemming from societal needs, inner potential, or a higher power such as God or a Higher Power.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which factors significantly predict a sense of calling in first-year college students?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Strengths-self efficacy, civic engagement, and spirituality significantly predicted students’ sense of calling.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is further research on predictors of calling considered important?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because sense of calling correlates with positive outcomes like life meaning, satisfaction, purpose, and psychological well-being, understanding predictors can support more effective student affairs practice.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},599278,1792613729,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},3985747859154,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","THE COMPOSITION OF CALLING: EXAMINING PREDICTORS OF CALLING IN FIRST-YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS  \nRachel Abouras  \nBaylor University  \nRecent scholarship suggests that sense of calling may strongly correlate with a host of positive life outcomes. It follows that further investigation into the construct of calling may have promising applications for student affairs professionals, whose work is oriented toward helping students achieve such outcomes. To that end, this study drew upon the work of Haworth, McCruden, and Roy (2001) to examine predictors of sense of calling in a sample of  \n364 first-year college students. Findings indicated that strengths-self efficacy, civic engagement, and spirituality significantly predicted sense of calling in students. Implications for future research and practice are outlined and discussed.  \nKeywords: Sense of Calling; Brief Calling Scale; Multiple Regression;  \nStrengths Self-Efficacy; Civic Engagement; Family Support; Peer Support;  \nSpirituality; Religiosity; Self-Authorship  \nPlease direct inquires about this manuscript to: Rachel Abouras, [rachel_jones6@baylor.edu](rachel_jones6@baylor.edu)  \nCollege Student Affairs Journal, Volume 39(2), pp. 240-251 ISSN 2381-2338  \nCopyright 2021 Southern Association for College Student Affairs All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.  \n241 College Student Affairs Journal Vol. 39 No. 2, 2021  \nTeithcoegepporyeatunirtisesareforoftienivbiui malmsi ntgo  \ncontemplate who they are and who they aspire to be—to wrestle with life’s“Big Questions” (Parks, 2000) and determine how they may go on to lead happy, fulfilling lives. Recent studies suggest that the concept of calling may be an especially important consideration for students as they undergo this reflective process, for sense of calling has been found to correlate with higher levels of life meaning (Duffy & Sedalek, 2011; Manuel et al., 2011), satisfaction (Duffy et al., 2011b; Torrey & Duffy, 2012; Praskova et al., 2015), and purpose (Dik & Duffy, 2009; Hunter et al., 2010) . Despite a better scholarly understanding of the link between calling and certain areas of personal well-being, however, little progress has been made in terms of understanding the forces that influence or predict an initial sense of calling itself.  \nThis gap in the literature is surprising, given that sense of calling has been found to strongly correlate with a host of positive life outcomes. It follows that further investigation into the nature of calling may have especially promising applications for student affairs professionals, whose work is oriented toward helping students achieve such outcomes. To that end, the purpose of this study was to begin taking steps toward understanding which factors may shape a sense of calling in college students, and to what extent.  \nREVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE  \nDefinition of Key Terms  \nIn the context of this study,‘sense of calling’ (or simply, calling) is defined as “a person’s belief that she or he is called upon (by the needs of society, by a person’s own inner potential, by God, by Higher Power, etc.) to do a particular kind of work”(Dik et al., 2012) .  \nCalling  \nEmpirical interest in the topic of calling has increased rapidly over the last decade, particularly within the fields of counseling and organizational psychology (Duffy & Dikb, 2012) . This growth in calling-related research has in turn led to a concomitant rise in the number of ways in which the term ‘calling’ is conceptualized, defined, and applied by researchers. Therefore, in order to mitigate any potential ambiguity surrounding the term ‘calling,’ scholars have developed a helpful framework for synthesizing and making sense of the term’s various definitions.  \nIn particular, scholars have observed that definitions of calling tend to fall under one of two broader camps: 1) the neoclassical view of calling or 2) the modern view of calling (Duffy & Dik, 2013) . Much of the extant literature on calling is rooted in the ","cbCailmtKMfUtrmb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailmtKMfUtrmb","pdf",417853,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Definition of Key Terms\n# Review of Relevant Literature\n## Calling\n## Calling and Personal Well-Being\n# Study Purpose and Findings","[{\"question\":\"What does the study mean by “sense of calling”?\",\"answer\":\"Sense of calling is defined as a person’s belief that they are called to do particular work, stemming from societal needs, inner potential, or a higher power such as God or a Higher Power.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors significantly predict a sense of calling in first-year college students?\",\"answer\":\"Strengths-self efficacy, civic engagement, and spirituality significantly predicted students’ sense of calling.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is further research on predictors of calling considered important?\",\"answer\":\"Because sense of calling correlates with positive outcomes like life meaning, satisfaction, purpose, and psychological well-being, understanding predictors can support more effective student affairs practice.\"}]","THE COMPOSITION OF CALLING - EXAMINING PREDICTORS OF CALLING IN FIRST-YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS | PDF",1792088479]