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This study compares four OCR tools for transforming Malaysian Hansard parliamentary reports into Plain Text to build the Malaysian Hansard Corpus (MHC). Ten reports totaling 62 pages are converted from PDF to TXT, and results are evaluated by conversion accuracy and error rates. Findings show tools differ significantly in accuracy and error performance, guiding tool selection for efficient corpus development.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-comparisons-of-ocr-tools-a-conversion-case-in-the-malaysian-hansard-corpus-development/346822/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-comparisons-of-ocr-tools-a-conversion-case-in-the-malaysian-hansard-corpus-development/346822.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Melati","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-24","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role does OCR play in this corpus development study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"OCR transforms scanned parliamentary report content into machine-readable, editable plain text, enabling further corpus processing. The study uses OCR to convert PDF files into TXT for corpus building.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many OCR tools and documents were compared?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Four OCR tools are compared. The study converts ten Malaysian Hansard parliamentary reports totaling 62 pages.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evaluation criteria were used to compare the OCR tools?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Conversion accuracy and error rate are used to assess how effectively each tool converts the PDF documents into plain text.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},346822,1790216130,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","# THE COMPARISONS OF OCR TOOLS: A CONVERSION CASE IN\n\nTHE MALAYSIAN HANSARD CORPUS DEVELOPMENT  \nAnis Nadiah Che Abdul Rahman, Imran Ho Abdullah,Intan Safinaz Zainuddin and Azhar Jaludin  \nFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, SelangorP87706@siswa.ukm.edu.my, imranho@ukm.ukm.edu.my, intansz@ukm.ukm.edu.my,azharj@ukm.ukm.edu.my  \n# ABSTRACT\n\nOptical Character Recognition (OCR) is a tool in computational technology that allowsa recognition of printed characters by manipulating photoelectric devices and computersoftware. It runs by converting images or texts that are scanned beforehand into machine -readable and editable texts. There are a various numbers of OCR tools in the market forcommercial and research use, which are obtainable for free or restrained with purchases.An OCR tool is able to enhance the accuracy of the results which as well relies on pre -processing and subdivision of algorithms. This study intends to investigate theperformances of OCR tools in converting the Parliamentary Reports of Hansard Malaysiafor developing the Malaysian Hansard Corpus (MHC). By comparing four OCR tools, thestudy has converted ten reports of Parliamentary Reports which contains a number of 62pages to seethe conversion accuracy and error rate of each conversion tool. In this study,all of the tools are manipulated to convert Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) filesinto Plain Text File (txt). The objective of this study is to give an overview based onaccuracy and error rate of how each OCR tools essentially works and how it can beutilized to provide assistance towards corpus building. The study indicates that each toolpossesses a variety of accuracy and error rates to convert the whole documents from PDFinto txt or plain text files. The study proposes that a step of corpus building can be madeeasier and manageable when a researcher understands the way an OCR tool works inorder to choose thebest OCR tool prior to the outset of the corpus development.  \nKeywords: Optical Character Recognition, PDF to text converter, Malay text converter, Corpusdevelopment, Malaysian Hansard Corpus  \nReceived for review: 16-04-2019; Published: 20-12-2019  \n## 1. Introduction\n\nOptical Character Recognition (OCR) is a tool in computational technology. It enables arecognition of printed or written characters by manipulating photoelectric devices and computersoftware. OCR runs by converting images or texts that are scanned heretofore into machine -readable and editable texts. There are various numbers of OCR tools in the market for commercialand research use, which are obtainable for free or restrained with purchases. An OCR tool is ableto increase the accuracy of the results which relies on pre-processing and subdivision ofalgorithms. The existence of OCR has assisted machine translation and enabled its users to convert  \nfiles from images or PDF into their desired output formats namely plain texts, Microsoft wordformat and many more.  \nAn OCR tool is competent to work in academic or non-academic sphere. It is capable inassisting human to recognise texts or characters from image or scanned texts into editable andmachine-readable to further exploit or analyse the texts. According to Davenport and Kirby(2016), machines still have disadvantages compared to human being in term of the capability toelucidate unstructured information or data better regardless of being smart and advanced. This issupported by Islam et al., (2017) who stated that the brain of a human has the ability toindisputably recognise characters or texts from various sources including an image whichmachines could not efficiently do. Due to the inadequacy of machine’s capability, increasingnumber of studies have been put forward to convert images to machine-readable and editableformat. According to Herceg et al., (2005), improved exactitude or accurateness in the OCR isable correspond to the better accomplishment of machine translation in regards to corpusdevelop","cbCaitvOpbZHV1hw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitvOpbZHV1hw","pdf",1447203,14,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What role does OCR play in this corpus development study?\",\"answer\":\"OCR transforms scanned parliamentary report content into machine-readable, editable plain text, enabling further corpus processing. The study uses OCR to convert PDF files into TXT for corpus building.\"},{\"question\":\"How many OCR tools and documents were compared?\",\"answer\":\"Four OCR tools are compared. The study converts ten Malaysian Hansard parliamentary reports totaling 62 pages.\"},{\"question\":\"What evaluation criteria were used to compare the OCR tools?\",\"answer\":\"Conversion accuracy and error rate are used to assess how effectively each tool converts the PDF documents into plain text.\"}]","The Comparisons of OCR Tools - A Conversion Case in the Malaysian Hansard Corpus Development | PDF",1790063166,35]