[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-182388-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-182388-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-chemical-age-no-826-notes-and-comments","The Chemical Age - No. 826 - Notes and Comments","","A weekly industrial and engineering chemistry journal issue dated April 27, 1935, focused on precision measurement and the tools enabling modern chemical practice. The notes trace scientific-instrument development, from balances and microscopes to the measurement-driven acceleration of industrial progress. 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It argues for continual updates on new methods and instruments wherever precise work is required.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the article connect scientific instruments to industrial demands?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It links instrument development to two industrial needs: reducing production costs through automatic or minimally assisted measurements, and enabling robust instruments that remain accurate yet durable under real process handling.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What concerns does the text raise about mechanical calculators and slide rules?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It warns that such tools can be misused or used blindly by people who do not understand the underlying theory, leading to mechanical thinking and confusion about applicability under varying conditions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},182388,1788348419,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":144},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","# The Chemical Age\n\nA Weekly Journal Devoted to Industrial and Engineering Chemistry  \nVoL.XXXII.  \nApril 27,I935  \nNo.826  \n# Notes and Comments\n\na\"thou\"was.The foreman explained that asincreasing accuracy was demanded,so they worked in\"eighths,\"\"sixteenths,\"\"thirty-seconds\"and\"sixty-fourths.\"When great accuracy was needed\"thou's\"were used.“How many'thou's'are therein an inch?”asked the apprentice.\"I don't know,\"said the foreman,\"millions of them,I should think.\"  \nScientific Instruments  \nMEASUREMENT is quite a modern developmentIIin science and is perhaps the one fact that causedthe transition from alchemy and phlogiston theory tomodern chemistry.The microscope,for example,wasfirst used in the chemical laboratory by Marggraf in1745.We do not know when the balance was intro-duced—probably it was of slow development,beingrefined progressively from the crude weighing machinesof earlier days;we know,however,that it was first usedin chemical work by Homberg in 1699.It is since thattime that the chemical industry has developed and,indeed,that all modern technical achievements havebeen made possible.  With increase in facilities formeasurements,the rate of industrial progress becomesfaster.In its way the science of measurement is asimportant and as intricate as any other branch ofhuman activities.The tendency to-day is towards.evergreater refinements in the art,and it is essential for allengaged in industries or professions wherein precisework is necessary to keep themselves fully posted inregard to new methods and new instruments.  \nMechanical Calculation  \nTT is announced that Mr.Robert McDougall hasIprovided the University of Manchester,of whichInstitution he is deputy treasurer,with the first\"differential analyser\"to be erected outside America.The apparatus,which costs several thousands ofpounds,is described as\"a complicated and ingeniouspiece of mechanism for the assistance of mathematiciansdealing with differential equations or rates of changeof interacting variable functions.\"It deals,in short,with variables instead of with the fixed numerical quantities handled by the ordinary mechanical calculator,and gives numerical solutions of equations that havenumerical coeficients.It is not an apparatus for thepure mathematician,but for the computator who des-cends from the higher fights of abstruse mathematicsto the daily level of calculation,designed to give theanswer in figures applicable to the human experienceof three-dimensional space.  \nIn addition to the more obvious uses of scientificapparatus in the hands of the expert,there are twodemands of industry which manufacturers are notneglecting.These arise from the need for keepingdown costs of production and for scientific control ofindustrial processes.From the first of these has arisenthe demand for instruments that can make precisemeasurements,automatically or with the minimum ofsill,that would require intricate chemical or physicalwork if performed by human agency.In that way andby the use of these instruments a number of semi-sklledassistants can be employed to do work which wouldotherwise require training of a high order.From thesecond demand arises the need.for instruments capableof yielding results sufficiently accurate for the purposebut of a robustness that allows them to be handled byworkmen while engaged on the process work.Manu-facturers of instruments are keenly alive to these needsand will be anxious,we doubt not,to learn of otherdirections in which their skill can be applied.Theirinherent difficulty is that they do not themselves usethe instruments they make and close collaboration be-tween maker and user is even more necessary in theinstrument trade than in many others.The difficultiesare intensified in instruments which are to be used bythe semi-skilled or uskilled;it is dificult to measurewith other than a fool-proof instrument when one doesnot know the meaning of the results.There is theanecdote of the apprentice who asked his foreman what  \nIt is undoubtedl","cbCaikIWlyNw5lLZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikIWlyNw5lLZ","pdf",13389638,22,"English","# Notes and Comments\n## Scientific Instruments\n## Mechanical Calculation","[{\"question\":\"What does the issue emphasize about measurement in science and industry?\",\"answer\":\"Measurement is presented as a modern driver of the transition to modern chemistry, and increasing measurement facilities speed industrial progress. It argues for continual updates on new methods and instruments wherever precise work is required.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article connect scientific instruments to industrial demands?\",\"answer\":\"It links instrument development to two industrial needs: reducing production costs through automatic or minimally assisted measurements, and enabling robust instruments that remain accurate yet durable under real process handling.\"},{\"question\":\"What concerns does the text raise about mechanical calculators and slide rules?\",\"answer\":\"It warns that such tools can be misused or used blindly by people who do not understand the underlying theory, leading to mechanical thinking and confusion about applicability under varying conditions.\"}]","The Chemical Age - No. 826 - Notes and Comments | PDF",55]