[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-265685-105":59,"doc-detail-265685-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-changing-skill-content-of-private-sector-union-coverage-january-2024","The Changing Skill Content of Private Sector Union Coverage - January 2024","","Concurrent with the decline in private sector unionization over the past half century, the document analyzes how unions’ coverage has shifted in the types of work they represent. Using a skill-based task framework, it shows that unionized jobs require more non-routine cognitive skills and, for women, less routine/manual skills. It decomposes changes into within-occupation skill shifts, reallocations of worker concentration across occupations, and entry/exit-driven occupational mix changes, finding the latter two forces to dominate. It connects findings to a skill-biased technological change model accounting for collective bargaining institutions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-changing-skill-content-of-private-sector-union-coverage-january-2024/265685/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-changing-skill-content-of-private-sector-union-coverage-january-2024/265685.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What main shift in union coverage is studied in the document?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It studies how the skill content of jobs covered by private sector unions has changed alongside the decline in union coverage over the past half century.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do unionized and non-unionized jobs differ in required skills?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"For both men and women, unionized jobs increasingly require more non-routine cognitive skills; for women specifically, they also show less routine/manual skill content, with union–non-union gaps widening over time.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are the changes in skill content decomposed?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The document decomposes changes into three components: skill changes within an occupation, changes in worker concentration across existing occupations, and changes to the occupational mix driven by entry and exit over time.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},265685,1789399345,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962075006959,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297","The Changing Skill Content of Private Sector Union Coverage1  \nSamuel Dodini  \n(Norwegian School of Economics)  \nMichael Lovenheim  \n(Cornell University and NBER)  \nAlexander Willén  \n(Norwegian School of Economics, UCLS, IZA and CESifo)  \nJanuary 2024  \nAbstract  \nConcurrent with the decline in private sector unionization over the past half century, there has been a shift in the type of work covered by unions. We take a skill-based approach to studying this shift. For both men and women, private sector unionized jobs have changed to require more non-routine, cognitive skills and for women, less routine/manual skills. Union, non-union skill differences have grown, with unionized jobs requiring relatively more non-routine cognitive skill and relatively more routine manual and routine cognitive skills. We decompose these changes into (1) changes in skills within an occupation,(2) changes in worker concentration across existing occupations, and (3) changes to the occupational mix from entry and exit. Most of the changes we document are driven by the second two forces. Finally, we discuss how this evidence can be reconciled with a model of skill-biased technological change that directly accounts for the institutional framework surrounding collective bargaining.  \n1 Michael Lovenheim: Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, [NY 14850. Email:](NY 14850. Email: mfl55@cornell.edu)[ ](NY 14850. Email: mfl55@cornell.edu)[mfl55@cornell.edu](NY 14850. Email: mfl55@cornell.edu). Samuel Dodini: Department of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, 5045 Bergen. Email: [snd46@cornell.edu](snd46@cornell.edu. Alexander Will)[. Alexander Will](snd46@cornell.edu. Alexander Will)én: Department of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, 5045 Bergen, Norway. Email: [alexander.willen@nhh.no](alexander.willen@nhh.no. We)[. We](alexander.willen@nhh.no. We) are grateful to Daron Acemoglu and Lars Lefgren as well as seminar participants at the University of Albany, Brigham Young University and Wilfrid Laurier University for helpful comments and suggestions. This project was partially funded by the Research Council of Norway through its Centers of Excellence Scheme, FAIR project no. 262675  \nThe Changing Skill Content of Private Sector Union Coverage  \nJanuary 2024  \nAbstract  \nConcurrent with the decline in private sector unionization over the past half century, there has been a shift in the type of work covered by unions. We take a skill-based approach to studying this shift. For both men and women, private sector unionized jobs have changed to require more non-routine, cognitive skills and for women, less routine/manual skills. Union, non-union skill differences have grown, with unionized jobs requiring relatively more non-routine cognitive skill and relatively more routine manual and routine cognitive skills. We decompose these changes into (1) changes in skills within an occupation,(2) changes in worker concentration across existing occupations, and (3) changes to the occupational mix from entry and exit. Most of the changes we document are driven by the second two forces. Finally, we discuss how this evidence can be reconciled with a model of skill-biased technological change that directly accounts for the institutional framework surrounding collective bargaining.  \n1. Introduction  \nOne of the most dramatic trends in the US labor market over the past 50 years is the large decline in private sector union coverage, from 25% in 1973 to 6% in 2022. Parallel with the sharp drop in private sector unionization, the skill composition of the US workforce has shifted toward jobs that are less manual and routine and more cognitive (Autor, Katz, and Kearney 2006; Autor, Levy, and Murnane 2003) . We study the interaction of these two trends to understand how the skill content of private sector union coverage has changed and why these changes have occurred using a task-based approach.  \nWe combine data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) fr","cbCaiqGN8hIsoNLn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqGN8hIsoNLn","pdf",3834010,61,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What main shift in union coverage is studied in the document?\",\"answer\":\"It studies how the skill content of jobs covered by private sector unions has changed alongside the decline in union coverage over the past half century.\"},{\"question\":\"How do unionized and non-unionized jobs differ in required skills?\",\"answer\":\"For both men and women, unionized jobs increasingly require more non-routine cognitive skills; for women specifically, they also show less routine/manual skill content, with union–non-union gaps widening over time.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the changes in skill content decomposed?\",\"answer\":\"The document decomposes changes into three components: skill changes within an occupation, changes in worker concentration across existing occupations, and changes to the occupational mix driven by entry and exit over time.\"}]","The Changing Skill Content of Private Sector Union Coverage - January 2024 | PDF",154]