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It outlines themes of promises and sacred capitulations, the mechanisms of protection, and the juridical approach, supported by historical surveys and methodological sections. The book further addresses protection practices, fiscal exemptions, consular jurisdiction, and avania, including definitions, historiography, and case studies through European and Ottoman perspectives.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-capitulations-and-the-ottoman-legal-system-volume-21-studies-in-islamic-law-and-society/321360/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-capitulations-and-the-ottoman-legal-system-volume-21-studies-in-islamic-law-and-society/321360.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main topic of this volume?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The volume studies the capitulations and the Ottoman legal system in the 18th century, emphasizing the roles of qadis, consuls, and beratlìs.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which areas does the book cover in its early chapters?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It presents early studies, an historical survey, the juridical approach, methodology, and published texts, then moves into chapter one’s account of the sultan’s promise and key legal instruments.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does Chapter Three focus on regarding the Ottoman legal system?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Chapter Three focuses on avania, including its definitions and origins, historiography, how avanias were made, and case studies, including European perspectives.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},321360,1790919985,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","THE CAPITULATIONS AND THE OTTOMAN LEGAL SYSTEM  \nSTUDIES IN ISLAMIC LAW AND SOCIETY  \nedited by  \nRuud Peters and Bernard Weiss  \nvolume 21  \nTHE CAPITULATIONS AND THE OTTOMAN LEGAL SYSTEM Qadis, Consuls and BeratlÌs in the 18th Century  \nBY  \nMAURITS H. VAN DEN BOOGERT  \nBRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON  \nThis book is printed on acid-free paper.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nBoogert, Maurits H. van den.  \nThe capitulations and the Ottoman legal system : Qadis, Consuls and BeratlÌs in the 18th Century/ by Maurits H. Van den Boogert.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).—(Studies in Islamic law and society, ISSN 1384-1130 ; v. 21)  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 90-04-14035-2 (alk. paper)  \n1. Capitulations. 2. Exterritoriality. 3. Privileges and immunities—Turkey—History—18th century. 4. Aliens—Turkey—History—18th century. 5. Merchants, Foreign—Legal status, laws, etc.—Turkey—History—18th century. I. Title. II. Series.  \nKKX2290 .B66 2005 349.561’09’033—dc22  \n2005042154  \nISSN 1384–1130  \nISBN 90 04 14035 2  \n© Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.  \nAuthorization to photocopy items for internal or personal  \nuse is granted by Brill provided that  \nthe appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright  \nClearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910  \nDanvers, MA 01923, USA.  \nFees are subject to change.  \nprinted in the netherlands  \nAan mijn ouders en Monique  \nCONTENTS  \nList of Figures and Tables ........................................................ xi  \nAbbreviations .............................................................................. xiii  \nAcknowledgements ...................................................................... xv  \nIntroduction ................................................................................ 1  \nEarly Studies of the Capitulations ........................................ 4  \nAn Historical Survey .............................................................. 7  \nThe Juridical Approach ........................................................ 9  \nMethodology ............................................................................ 11  \nPublished Texts ...................................................................... 15  \nChapter One The Sultan’s Promise .......................................... 19  \nSacred Capitulations .............................................................. 19  \nFermans and Berats .................................................................. 24  \nRevocation .............................................................................. 26  \nMüste’mins ................................................................................ 30  \nTax Exemptions ...................................................................... 32  \nJurisdictions ............................................................................ 33  \nConsular Jurisdiction .......................................................... 34  \nEuropean Consular Regulations ........................................ 38  \nThe Qadi ............................................................................ 42  \nThe Imperial Council ........................................................ 47  \nChapter Two The Protection System ........................................ 63  \nOttoman Protégés .................................................................. 64  \nDragomans .......................................................................... 64  \nSons and Servants (hizmetkârs) ............................................ 67  \nWarehousemen (mahzencis) and Brokers (si","cbCaifX8SFJGL6BO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifX8SFJGL6BO","pdf",1421854,342,"English","# List of Figures and Tables\n# Abbreviations\n# Acknowledgements\n# Introduction\n# Early Studies of the Capitulations\n# An Historical Survey\n# The Juridical Approach\n# Methodology\n# Published Texts\n# Chapter One The Sultan’s Promise\n## Sacred Capitulations\n## Fermans and Berats\n## Revocation\n## Müste’mins\n## Tax Exemptions\n## Jurisdictions\n## Consular Jurisdiction\n## European Consular Regulations\n## The Qadi\n## The Imperial Council\n# Chapter Two The Protection System\n## Ottoman Protégés\n## Dragomans\n## Sons and Servants (hizmetkârs)\n## Warehousemen (mahzencis) and Brokers (simsars)\n## Moneychangers (sarrafs)\n## “Haratch Papers”\n## Commercialisation\n## An Ambassadorial Perquisite\n## The Price of Protection\n## Profits\n## Recruitment\n## The Numbers of Protégés\n## A Survey\n## Instruments of Imperialism?\n## Bureaucratic Procedures\n## Western Policies\n## Ottoman Policies\n## The Legal Status of Beratlıs\n# Chapter Three Avanias: Misrepresentations of the Ottoman The Legal System\n## Historiography\n## Avania: Definitions and Origins\n## Avanists\n## The Making of Avanias\n## Case Studies\n## The European Perspective: Summaries of Nine Avanias","[{\"question\":\"What is the main topic of this volume?\",\"answer\":\"The volume studies the capitulations and the Ottoman legal system in the 18th century, emphasizing the roles of qadis, consuls, and beratlìs.\"},{\"question\":\"Which areas does the book cover in its early chapters?\",\"answer\":\"It presents early studies, an historical survey, the juridical approach, methodology, and published texts, then moves into chapter one’s account of the sultan’s promise and key legal instruments.\"},{\"question\":\"What does Chapter Three focus on regarding the Ottoman legal system?\",\"answer\":\"Chapter Three focuses on avania, including its definitions and origins, historiography, how avanias were made, and case studies, including European perspectives.\"}]","The Capitulations and the Ottoman Legal System - Volume 21 - Studies in Islamic law and society | PDF",1789959083,862]