[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40272-en":3,"doc-seo-40272-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40272,4810365810221,"Aurora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","The Cambridge History of Science Volume 3 Early Modern Science","Volume 3 of The Cambridge History of Science, Early Modern Science, presents a structured overview of how early modern Europeans reshaped natural knowledge. It traces the emergence of new frameworks such as mechanical and corpuscular philosophy, shifts in scientific explanation from formal causes to laws of nature, and changing roles of experience, proof, persuasion, and institutions. The volume maps who produced knowledge (scientists, women, learned elites, medical men) and where it circulated across courts, markets, homes, libraries, laboratories, theaters, and travel networks.","THE CAMBRIDGEHISTORY OFSCIENCE  \nVOLUME 3  \nEarly Modern Science  \nEdited by  \nKATHARINE PARKLORRAINE DASTON  \nCONTENTS  \nList of Illustrationspage xvNotes on ContributorsxviiGeneral Editors'PrefacexxiiiAcknowledgmentsxxvii  \nI Introduction:The Age of the New  \nI  \nKATHARINE PARK AND LORRAINE DASTONI  \nPART I.THE NEW NATURE  \n2 Physics and Foundations  \n2I  \nDANIEL GARBER  \nFoundations22The Aristotelian Framework25Renaissance Anti-Aristotelianisms:Chymical Philosophies29Renaissance Anti-Aristotelianisms:The Italian Naturalists33Renaissance Anti-Aristotelianisms:Mathematical Order andHarmony36  \nThe Rise of the Mechanical and Corpuscular PhilosophyThe Mechanical Philosophy:Theories of MatterThe Mechanical Philosophy:Space,Void,and MotionThe Mechanical Philosophy:Spirit,Force,and ActivityThe Mechanical Philosophy:God and Final CausesBeyond the Mechanical Philosophy:NewtonConclusion:Beyond Foundations  \n43  \n47  \n52  \n59  \n63  \n66  \n68  \n3 Scientific Explanation from Formal Causes to Laws  \nof Nature  \n70  \nLYNN S.JOY  \nThree Notable Changes in Early Modern Scientific Explanations  \n70  \nCausality in the Aristotelian Tradition73God as a Final Cause and the Emergence of Laws of Nature77Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Efficient Causes among the Aristotelian  \nReformers  \n82  \nIntrinsic versus Extrinsic Efficient Causes among the CorpuscularPhysicists87  \nActive and Passive Principles as a Model for Cause and Effect93  \n# 4 The Meanings of Experience\n\nIO6  \nPETER DEAR  \nExperience and the Natural Philosophy of Aristotle in Early  \nModern Europe  \nIO8  \nExperiences of Life and HealthIIIExperience and Natural History:Individuals,Species,and  \nTaxonomy  \nIIS  \nExperience and the Mathematical SciencesII9Event Experiments and “Physico-mathematics”I24Newtonian ExperienceI26ConclusionI30  \n# 5 Proof and Persuasion\n\nI32  \nR.W.SERJEANTSON  \nDisciplinary DecorumI34Theories of Proof and PersuasionI38Disciplinary ReconfigurationsI50Mathematical TraditionsI54ExperimentI57Probability and CertaintyI62Proof and Persuasion in the Printed BookI64Proof,Persuasion,and Social Institutions168ConclusionI74  \nPART II.PERSONAE AND SITES OF NATURALKNOWLEDGE  \n# 6 The Man of Science\n\nI79  \nSTEVEN SHAPIN  \nThe University ScholarI82The Medical ManI86The GentlemanI88  \n# 7 Women of Natural Knowledge\n\nI92  \nLONDA SCHIEBINGER  \nLearned ElitesI93ArtisansI99Colonial Connections2OI  \nix  \nContents  \n8 Markets,Piazzas,and Villages  \n206  \nWILLIAM EAMON  \nMarkets and Shops207Natural Knowledge in the Piazza2I3Natural Knowledge in the Countryside and Villages2I7Conclusion:Popular Culture and the New Philosophy22I  \n9 Homes and Households  \n224  \nALIX COOPER  \nDomestic Spaces226Natural Inquiry as a Family Project229Dividing Labor in the Scientific Household233  \nIO Libraries and Lecture Halls  \n238  \nANTHONY GRAFTON  \nThe Classroom240The Library244  \nII Courts and Academies  \n25I  \nBRUCE T.MORAN  \nScience at Court253Cabinets and Workshops263From Court to Academy267  \nI2Anatomy Theaters,Botanical Gardens,and Natural  \nHistory Collections  \n272  \nPAULA FIMDLEN  \nAnatomizing  \n274  \nBotanizing  \n28o  \nCollecting  \n283  \nI3 Laboratories  \n290  \nPAMELA H.SMITH  \nTheory and Practice293Toward a New Epistemology295Evolution of Laboratory Spaces300Experiment in the Laboratory302Academic Institutionalization of the Laboratory304  \nI4 Sites of Military Science and Technology  \n306  \nKELLY DEVRIES  \nOffensive Technologies:Gunpowder and Guns307Defensive Technologies:Armor and Fortification3I3Courtly Engineers and Gentleman Practitioners3I7  \nIS Coffeehouses and Print Shops  \n320  \nADRIAN JOHNS  \nCoffee  \n332Audiences and Arguments339  \nI6 Networks of Travel,Correspondence,and Exchange34ISTEVEN J.HARRIS  \nThe Expanding Horizon of Scientific Engagement34IThe Metrics of Scientific Practice344Correspondence Networks,Long-Distance Travel,and Printing347Virtual Spaces and Their Extension355Conclusion360  \n# PART II.DIVIDING THE STUDY OF NATURE\n\nI7 Natural Philosophy  \n365  \nANN BLAIR  \nThe Unive","cbCaivTXUihv8IHq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivTXUihv8IHq","pdf",280079,5,1,9,"English","en",105,"# Contents\n## Part I. The New Nature\n## Part II. Personae and Sites of Natural Knowledge\n## Part II. Dividing the Study of Nature\n# 4 The Meanings of Experience\n# 5 Proof and Persuasion\n# 6 The Man of Science\n# 7 Women of Natural Knowledge","[{\"question\":\"What philosophical shifts are highlighted in Part I of Early Modern Science?\",\"answer\":\"Part I emphasizes the rise of mechanical and corpuscular philosophy and contrasts it with earlier Aristotelian frameworks, including multiple forms of anti-Aristotelianism and the move toward lawlike explanation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the volume treat scientific explanation?\",\"answer\":\"It covers changes from formal causes toward laws of nature, discussing causality, divine final causes, and efficient causes across Aristotelian reformers and corpuscular physicists.\"},{\"question\":\"Which settings and groups are examined as key sites for producing natural knowledge?\",\"answer\":\"The volume examines institutions and communities such as universities, courts and academies, libraries and lecture halls, laboratories, anatomy theaters, markets, homes, and networks of travel and correspondence, alongside figures like scholars, medical men, gentlemen, and women of natural 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philosophical shifts are highlighted in Part I of Early Modern Science?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Part I emphasizes the rise of mechanical and corpuscular philosophy and contrasts it with earlier Aristotelian frameworks, including multiple forms of anti-Aristotelianism and the move toward lawlike explanation.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the volume treat scientific explanation?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It covers changes from formal causes toward laws of nature, discussing causality, divine final causes, and efficient causes across Aristotelian reformers and corpuscular physicists.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Which settings and groups are examined as key sites for producing natural knowledge?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The volume examines institutions and communities such as universities, courts and academies, libraries and lecture halls, laboratories, anatomy theaters, markets, homes, and networks of travel and correspondence, 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