[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40979-en":3,"doc-seo-40979-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40979,1374391974564,"Clementine","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002",8,"Research & Report","The Bronze-Iron Age of Indonesia","Metal casting techniques entered Indonesia from outside, yet local communities mastered metallurgy and adapted it in distinct, original ways that shaped the Bronze-Iron Age civilization. This handbook synthesizes archaeological excavation results, museum stray finds, and dispersed scholarship to build an overall picture of the period, supported by a comprehensive bibliography. The work also notes that its conclusions remain tentative until further excavations, and it frames the transition from Neolithic to Bronze-Iron Age through terminology and evidence.","H.R.VAN HEEKEREN  \nTHE BRONZE-IRON AGEOF INDONESIA  \nTHE BRONZE-IRON AGEOF INDONESIA  \nVERHANDELINGEN  \nVAN HET KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOORTAAL,LAND-EN VOLKENKUNDE  \nDEEL XXII  \nTHE BRONZE-IRON AGEOF INDONESIA  \nBY  \nH.R.VAN HEEKEREN  \nISBN 978-94-015-0352-5  \nISBN 978-94-015-0909-1(eBook)  \nDOI10.1007/978-94-015-0909-1  \nSoftcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1958  \nPREFACE  \nThe art of metal casting was imported into Indonesia,but itspeoples mastered the secrets of metallurgy,and applied these,in waysoften original and unique,to create their own distinctive civilisationof the Bronze-Iron Age.  \nIn this handbook,which is a sequal to my The Stone Age of Indo-nesia,I have endeavoured to assemble a comprehensive picture of theIndonesian Bronze-Iron Age from the results of excavations,innumerablestray finds in museums,and various studies scattered among numerousscientific journals and periodicals(often difficult to obtain).  \nThe resulting picture can,of course,be a tentative one only,validuntil many more scientific excavations have taken place.I have addeda bibliography,as complete as it was possible to assemble.  \nThe completion of this summary of the Prehistory of Indonesiahas been assisted by a grant-in-aid from the Wenner Gren Foundation“The Viking Fund”,New York.  \nI am grateful to Mr.Basoeki and Mr.Soebokastowo for thedrawings of Figures 1,11,12,13,22 and 16,23,24,25 respectively.  \nFigures 2—10 and 15 were drawn by the well-known artist,thelate Mas Pirngadie,and are here published for the first time,withthe generous permission of the Board of Directors of the “BataviaaschGenootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen”,Djakarta.  \nI am deeply grateful to my brother-in-law,Mr.J.H.Reisegerof Kempston,Bedfordshire,for so willingly undertaking the translationof the Dutch text into English.  \nI have now left Indonesia for good,and I hope that this handbookand its predecessor will be of help to my successors in carrying on thestudy of Indonesian prehistory.I wish them all good luck with theirenterprise.  \nHeemstede,July,1957  \nCONTENTS  \nPreface  \nIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1  \nI. Stray Finds ………………………………………………………………………………………8  \n1. Bronze socketed axes. . . . . . . . . . . . .8  \n2. Ceremonial axes……………………………………………………………………9  \n3. Kettle drums. ... . …………………………………………………………………………12  \na. Java . ... .. . . .. .. . ……………………18  \nb. Sumatra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  \nc. Bali…………………………  \n…………………………………………………21  \nd. Sumbawa ……………………  \n. . . . 24  \n. . . . 28  \ne. Roti  . . . . . .  \nf. Luang. ………………………  \n. . . . 29  \n. . . . 30  \ng. Leti.;………………………………  \n. . . . . 31  \nh. Kai Islands . . . . . .  \ni. Salajar……………………………………………  \n…………3  \n. . . . . 34  \n4. Bronze vessels ………………………………  \na. Sumatra ..·.· …………………………………………………………………34  \nb. Madura ……………………………………  \n…………………3.  \n5. Plastic art. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………36  \na. Sumatr  \n……………………3  \na .  \nb. Java  \n……………………38  \n. . . . . 39  \n6. The bronzes found at Pradjekan ..  \n7. Beads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  \n8. Other important stray finds…………………………………………………………42  \nII. Megalithic Cultures. ……………………………………  \n. . . . . . 44  \n. . . . . . 46  \na. Java ………………………………………  \nb. Bali . .. · …………………………  \n……………………………………54  \nc. Sumbawa . ……………………  \n………………………………58  \nd. Celebes . . . ………………  \n. . ..59  \n···:…………………63……………………………6  \ne. Borneo. . . . . . .  \nf. Sumatra . . . . . . .  \nIII. Urn Cemeteries . . . . . . .  \n……………………………………………80  \na. Java …………………………………………  \n……………………………………………80  \nb. Sumatra . . . . . . .  \n………………………8  \nc. Celebes. . . . . . . .  \n. . . . . . . . 83  \nd. Salajar. ……………………………………………  \n. . . . . . . . . 85  \ne. Sumba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85  \nIV. The Dongson Culture . . . ……………………………………………………………92  \n1. Dong So’n and the Dongson Culture………………………………92  \n2. Heine Geldern's thesis on the Pontic migration and the  \norigin of the Dongson Culture. .. . . . . .. 95  \nReferences and Selected Bibliography………………………………………100  \n#","cbCaif9Vv3eXiIeU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif9Vv3eXiIeU","pdf",7406517,4,1,160,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Introduction\n# Stray Finds\n## Bronze socketed axes\n## Ceremonial axes\n## Kettle drums\n## Bronze vessels\n## Plastic art\n## Bronzes found at Pradjekan\n## Beads\n## Other important stray finds\n# Megalithic Cultures\n## Java\n## Bali\n## Sumbawa\n## Celebes\n## Borneo\n## Sumatra\n# Urn Cemeteries\n## Java\n## Sumatra\n## Celebes\n## Salajar\n## Sumba\n# The Dongson Culture\n## Dong So’n and the Dongson Culture\n## Heine Geldern's thesis on the Pontic migration","[{\"question\":\"Why does the author call the period the “Bronze-Iron Age” rather than a Bronze Age?\",\"answer\":\"Copper axes are reportedly unknown, and the existence of a full Bronze Age is questioned due to the lack of early bronze weapon finds and the frequent association of bronze objects with iron. Socketed axes, used elsewhere as a marker for the end of the Bronze Age or the start of the Iron Age, are central to this argument.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the Neolithic-to-Bronze-Iron transition described across Indonesian regions?\",\"answer\":\"The end of the Neolithic occurs at widely different dates depending on region. Examples include Enggano, where Early Neolithic conditions reportedly persisted into the 18th century, and Kalumpang in West Central Celebes, dated to around 1000 A.D.\"},{\"question\":\"What sources does the handbook use to build its overview of the Bronze-Iron Age?\",\"answer\":\"It assembles evidence from archaeological excavations, numerous stray finds held in museums, and various studies published across many scientific journals and periodicals, along with an added bibliography assembled as comprehensively as possible.\"}]",1783317351,403,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"the-bronze-iron-age-of-indonesia","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-bronze-iron-age-of-indonesia/40979/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-20","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why does the author call the period the “Bronze-Iron Age” rather than a Bronze Age?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Copper axes are reportedly unknown, and the existence of a full Bronze Age is questioned due to the lack of early bronze weapon finds and the frequent association of bronze objects with iron. Socketed axes, used elsewhere as a marker for the end of the Bronze Age or the start of the Iron Age, are central to this argument.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How is the Neolithic-to-Bronze-Iron transition described across Indonesian regions?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The end of the Neolithic occurs at widely different dates depending on region. Examples include Enggano, where Early Neolithic conditions reportedly persisted into the 18th century, and Kalumpang in West Central Celebes, dated to around 1000 A.D.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What sources does the handbook use to build its overview of the Bronze-Iron Age?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"It assembles evidence from archaeological excavations, numerous stray finds held in museums, and various studies published across many scientific journals and periodicals, along with an added bibliography assembled as comprehensively as possible.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]