[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-46173-en":3,"doc-seo-46173-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},46173,962075114765,"Quinn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","The Bronze-Iron Age of Indonesia","The text examines Indonesia’s Bronze-Iron Age as a post-Neolithic period, explaining why the conventional labels “Copper Age” and even a distinct “Bronze Age” are uncertain. It argues that bronze artifacts rarely occur without iron, and highlights socketed axes as a marker for the transition toward iron use. The introduction frames regional chronology as uneven across islands and discusses the provisional cultural naming of “Dongson Culture” for this Bronze Age phase in Further India and Indonesia, referencing earlier scholarly proposals.","# THE BRONZE-IRON AGEOF INDONESIA\n\n# VERHANDELINGEN\n\nVAN HET KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOORTAAL,LAND-EN VOLKENKUNDE  \nDEEL XXII  \nTHE BRONZE-IRON AGEOF INDONESIA  \nBY  \nH.R.VAN HEEKEREN  \nPREFACE  \nThe art of metal casting was imported into Indonesia,but itspeoples mastered the secrets of metallurgy,and applied these,in waysoften original and unique,to create their own distinctive civilisationof the Bronze-Iron Age.  \nIn this handbook,which is a sequal to my The Stone Age of Indo-nesia,I have endeavoured to assemble a comprehensive picture of theIndonesian Bronze-Iron Age from the results of excavations,innumerablestray finds in museums,and various studies scattered among numerousscientific journals and periodicals(often difficult to obtain).  \nThe resulting picture can,of course,be a tentative one only,validuntil many more scientific excavations have taken place.I have addeda bibliography,as complete as it was possible to assemble.  \nThe completion of this summary of the Prehistory of Indonesiahas been assisted by a grant-in-aid from the Wenner Gren Foundation“The Viking Fund”,New York.  \nI am grateful to Mr.Basoeki and Mr.Soebokastowo for thedrawings of Figures 1,11,12,13,22 and 16,23,24,25 respectively.  \nFigures 2—10 and 15 were drawn by the well-known artist,thelate Mas Pirngadie,and are here published for the first time,withthe generous permission of the Board of Directors of the \"BataviaaschGenootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen”,Djakarta.  \nI am deeply grateful to my brother-in-law,Mr.J.H.Reisegerof Kempston,Bedfordshire,for so willingly undertaking the translationof the Dutch text into English.  \nI have now left Indonesia for good,and I hope that this handbookand its predecessor will be of help to my successors in carrying on thestudy of Indonesian prehistory.I wish them all good luck with theirenterprise.  \nHeemstede,July,1957  \nH.R.VAN HEEKEREN.  \nCONTENTS  \nPreface  \nIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  \nI. Stray Finds ……………………………………………………………………………………………8  \n1. Bronze socketed axes. . . . . . . . . . . . .8  \n2. Ceremonial axes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9  \n3. Kettle drums……………………………………………  \n…………………………12  \na. Java……………………………………………  \n. .. . . 18  \n……………………………………2C  \nb. Sumatra ………………………………………  \n· ………………………21  \nc. Bali ……………………………………………………  \nd. Sumbawa………………………………………………  \n28  \ne. Roti . .. . . . . . . . . .  \n29  \nf. Luang……………………………………………………  \n30  \ng. Leti. …………………………………  \n31  \nh. Kai Islands . . . . .  \n33  \ni. Salajar………………………………  \n34  \n4. Bronze vessels …………………  \n34  \na. Sumatra .. . ... . . ……………………………………………  \n35  \n36  \n5. Plastic art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  \n36  \na. Sumatra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  \n38  \n  ·  \n6. The bronzes found at Pradjekan .  \n39  \n7. Beads . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 40  \n8. Other important stray finds. ... . ……………………………42  \nII. Megalithic Cultures. …………………………………………  \n. . . . . . .44  \n. . . . . . 46  \na. Java …………………………………………  \n. . . . . . 54  \nb. Bali . . ……………………………………  \nc. Sumbawa . . . . . . . .  \n·· …………………………………………58  \n. . . . . 59  \nd. Celebes . . . . . .  \n·. ………………………………………63  \ne. Borneo . . . . . . .  \nf. Sumatra . . .. . . . ………………………………………………………………63  \nIII. Urn Cemeteries. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . 80  \na. Java …………………………………………………………………………………80  \nb. Sumatra . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………83  \nc. Celebes. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 83  \nd. Salajar..... . .. . . …………………………………………85e. Sumba. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 85  \nIV. The Dongson Culture………………………………………………………………………92  \n1. Dong So’n and the Dongson Culture.:………………………92  \n2. Heine Geldern's thesis on the Pontic migration and the  \norigin of the Dongson Culture ……………………………………………95  \nReferences and Selected Bibliography………………………………………100  \n# INTRODUCTION\n\nn Indonesia the Neolithic came to an end at dates that werewidely different for various regions of the territory.In the Islandof Enggano,for instance,an Early Neolithic Civilisation was still inexistence in the 18th centu","cbCaioWep62j7pG4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioWep62j7pG4","pdf",34829798,3,1,164,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Introduction\n# Stray Finds\n## Bronze socketed axes\n## Ceremonial axes\n## Kettle drums\n## Bronze vessels\n## Plastic art\n## Beads\n## Other important stray finds\n# Megalithic Cultures\n## Java\n## Bali\n## Sumbawa\n## Celebes\n## Borneo\n## Sumatra\n# Urn Cemeteries\n## Java\n## Sumatra\n## Celebes\n## Salajar\n## Sumba\n# The Dongson Culture\n## Dong So’n and the Dongson Culture\n## Heine Geldern's thesis on Pontic migration and origin","[{\"question\":\"Why does the text move from Neolithic to a “Bronze-Iron Age” rather than a Copper or Bronze Age?\",\"answer\":\"Copper axes have not been found, suggesting no clear Copper Age, and bronze appears without convincing “pure bronze” toolsets. Bronze objects are repeatedly found together with iron objects, supporting a combined Bronze-Iron framing.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence is used to argue that bronze and iron overlap in this period?\",\"answer\":\"The text notes repeated associations between bronze objects and iron ones, and emphasizes socketed axes (a form that elsewhere indicates the end of Bronze or the start of Iron use).\"},{\"question\":\"How is the term “Dongson Culture” used and how is it treated by the author?\",\"answer\":\"Heine Geldern’s proposal is adopted to name the whole Bronze Age phase for Further India and Indonesia, linked to the first recognized site. The author stresses the term is provisional and may need restriction as research advances.\"}]",1783472315,413,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"the-bronze-iron-age-of-indonesia-46173","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-bronze-iron-age-of-indonesia-46173/46173/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-18","2026-07-08",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why does the text move from Neolithic to a “Bronze-Iron Age” rather than a Copper or Bronze Age?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Copper axes have not been found, suggesting no clear Copper Age, and bronze appears without convincing “pure bronze” toolsets. Bronze objects are repeatedly found together with iron objects, supporting a combined Bronze-Iron framing.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What evidence is used to argue that bronze and iron overlap in this period?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The text notes repeated associations between bronze objects and iron ones, and emphasizes socketed axes (a form that elsewhere indicates the end of Bronze or the start of Iron use).",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How is the term “Dongson Culture” used and how is it treated by the author?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Heine Geldern’s proposal is adopted to name the whole Bronze Age phase for Further India and Indonesia, linked to the first recognized site. The author stresses the term is provisional and may need restriction as research advances.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]