[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40980-en":3,"doc-seo-40980-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40980,1374391974564,"Clementine","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002",2,"Literature","The Book That Killed Colonialism","A narrative of Agus Salim’s memorable appearance at a London diplomatic reception introduces two millennium-defining processes: Western pursuit of spices that connected distant nations and cultures, and the widening of educational opportunities that restored colonized peoples’ right to shape their own futures. Central to the discussion is Max Havelaar (1859), Eduard Douwes Dekker’s novel about forced cultivation in Java, its political moral force, and its international reception.","The Book That Killed Colonialism\nPramoedya Ananta Toer\nNew York Times Magazine\n18 Aprl 1999\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/18/magazine/best-story-the-book-that-killed-colonialism.html\nDiakses 24 April 2024\nAbout 50 years ago, at a diplomatic reception in London, one man stood out: he was short by European standards, and thin, and he wore a black fezlike hat over his white hair. From his mouth came an unending cloud of aromatic smoke that permeated the reception hall. This man was Agus Salim, the Republic of Indonesia's first Ambassador to Great Britain. Referred to in his country as the Grand Old Man, Salim was among the first generation of Indonesians to have received a Western education. In this regard, he was a rare species, for at the end of Dutch hegemony over Indonesia in 1943, no more than 3.5 percent of the country's population could read or write.\nNot surprisingly, Salim's appearance and demeanor -- not to mention the strange smell of his cigarettes -- quickly turned him into the center of attention. One gentleman put into words the question that was on everyone's lips: ''What is that thing you're smoking, sir?''\n''That, your excellency,'' Agus Salim is reported to have said, ''is the reason for which the West conquered the world!'' In fact he was smoking a kretek, an Indonesian cigarette spiced with clove, which for centuries was one of the world's most sought-after spices.\nIs my tale about an Indonesian at the court of King James the greatest story of the millennium? Certainly not, though I must smile at the irreverence shown by my countryman. I include it here because it touches on what I would argue are the two most important ''processes''of this millennium: the search for spices by Western countries, which brought alien nations and cultures into contact with one another for the first time; and the expansion of educational opportunities, which returned to the colonized peoples of the world a right they had been forced to forfeit under Western colonization -- the right to determine their own futures.\nThe latter process is exemplified by what is now an almost unknown literary work: ''Max Havelaar, or the Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company,'' a novel by Eduard Douwes Dekker, a Dutchman, which he published in 1859 under the pseudonym Multatuli (Latin for ''I have suffered greatly''). The book recounts the experiences of one Max Havelaar, an idealistic Dutch colonial official in Java. In the story, Havelaar encounters -- and then rebels against -- the system of forced cultivation imposed on Indonesia's peasants by the Dutch Government.\nD. H. Lawrence, in his introduction to the 1927 English translation of the novel, called it a most ''irritating'' work. ''On the surface, 'Max Havelaar' is a tract or a pamphlet very much in the same line as 'Uncle Tom's Cabin,' ''Lawrence wrote. ''Instead of 'pity the poor Negro slave' we have 'pity the poor oppressed Javanese'; with the same urgent appeal for legislation, for the Government to do something about it. Well, the [American] Government did do something about Negro slaves, and 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' fell out of date. The Netherlands Government is also said to have done something in Java for the poor, on the strength of Multatuli's book. So that 'Max Havelaar' became a back number.''\nBefore telling you more about ''Max Havelaar'' and its author, I would like to go back in time, even before the start of the present millennium, to tell you about the search for spices. The key word to remember here is ''religion.''\nFor hundreds of years, spices -- clove, nutmeg and pepper -- were the primary cause of religious conflict. Their value was inestimable: as food preservative (essential in the age before refrigeration), as medicine and, at a time when the variety of food was almost unfathomably limited, for taste.\nIn A.D. 711, Moorish forces conquered Cordoba in southern Spain. By 756, the Muslim ruler Abdar Rahman proclaimed that he had achieved his goal of spreading Islamic c","cbCaij4Zn4oR95b9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij4Zn4oR95b9","docx",21661,4,1,5,"English","en",105,"# Prologue: Agus Salim and the logic of conquest\n## Spices and attention at the reception\n# Two key processes of the millennium\n## Contact through spice hunting\n## Education as reclaimed self-determination\n# Max Havelaar: a novel of resistance\n## The story and forced cultivation\n## D. H. Lawrence’s assessment\n# Back to earlier centuries: the search for spices\n## Religion, trade routes, and European pause\n## Crusades, expulsion from Europe, and continuing rivalry\n## Ceuta as a foothold and the race for sources","[{\"question\":\"Who is Agus Salim and why does he stand out in the opening scene?\",\"answer\":\"Agus Salim is the first Ambassador of the Republic of Indonesia to Great Britain. He stands out for his distinctive appearance and his aromatic kretek cigarettes that spark immediate curiosity.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the two most important processes the author says shaped the millennium?\",\"answer\":\"One is the Western search for spices that first brought distant nations and cultures into contact. The other is the expansion of educational opportunities that restored colonized peoples’ right to determine their own futures.\"},{\"question\":\"What is Max Havelaar about, and what does it critique?\",\"answer\":\"Max Havelaar recounts the experiences of Max Havelaar, an idealistic Dutch colonial official in Java, who encounters and rebels against the forced cultivation system imposed on Indonesian peasants by the Dutch government.\"}]",1783317363,8,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"the-book-that-killed-colonialism","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-book-that-killed-colonialism/40980/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-07-15","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"Who is Agus Salim and why does he stand out in the opening scene?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Agus Salim is the first Ambassador of the Republic of Indonesia to Great Britain. 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