[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-588104-105":59,"doc-detail-588104-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-belonging-to-the-university-scale","THE BELONGING TO THE UNIVERSITY SCALE","","A scale development study creates the Belonging to the University Scale (BUS) to measure how well university students’ need to belong is fulfilled within higher education institutions they attend. University students at Ordu University form the study population. A 5-point Likert-type instrument is analyzed with SPSS 15 and LISREL 8.15, using content validity and construct validity, internal consistency, and Cronbach’s alpha plus test-retest reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identify three dimensions: Motivation, Expectations, and Identification.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-belonging-to-the-university-scale/588104/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-belonging-to-the-university-scale/588104.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aditya","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To develop a valid, reliable, and useful Belonging to the University Scale that determines how satisfied university students are with their need to belong.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is the scale developed and validated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A 5-point Likert-type scale is developed and analyzed using SPSS 15 and LISREL 8.15 with content validity and construct validity, including internal consistency checks.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What dimensions does the scale identify?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identify three dimensions: Motivation, Expectations, and Identification.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},588104,1792165346,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},962085564549,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","THE BELONGING TO THE UNIVERSITY SCALE  \nOmer Karaman, Yuksel Cırak  \nAbstract: The aim of the study is to develop a belonging to the university scale (BUS) in order to determine the level of fulfillment of the need to belong among university students at the higher education institutions they attend. The population of the investigation includes university students studying at the campus of Ordu University. A 5 point Likert-type scale was created in the study.  \nThe SPSS 15 and LISREL-8.15 programs were used in the statistical analysis performed during development of the scale. Content validity and construct validity techniques were used for validity analysis. The internal consistency checks of belonging to the university scale were completed. The research data is given as mean and percent, and t-test and one-way variance analysis were conducted in order to determine the differences between the groups and the values of belonging to the university. The internal consistency Cronbach α reliability coefficient values of the scale and the test-retest reliability of the test results were satisfactory. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for the construct validity of the scale and three dimensions (Motivation, Expectations and Identification) were identified. The level of belonging of university students to the university they attend was examined with the scale with the validity and reliability tested and suggestions are presented in accordance with the obtained results.  \nKey words: The Belonging to the University Scale, University Students, Expectations, Motivation, Identification.  \n1. Introduction  \nUniversity students are faced with a \"distressed\" but \"necessary\" life, in addition to the problems of adapting to a new environment, making new friends, making decisions for themselves and meeting their requirements. One of the environmental (culture, building, class population, etc.) and personal (assertiveness, intelligence, ability, etc.) factors that supports achievement of planned educational goals and happiness of the student who spends a large part of his life at school is the need to belong.  \nEvery human being is born with the need to belong. Belonging expresses itself in the form of being together, sharing, solidarity, serving, friendships, establishing friendships, building families, participating in groups and associations; in short, it is the social aspect of the person. Every human has these requirements [1] . Adler [2] stated that in the case of not meeting the belonging requirement, people have problems in communicating with their environment and difficulties in accepting themselves with feelings of inferiority and inadequacy. Glasser [3] suggested that the feelings of love and belonging play an essential role in satisfying other requirements as they are the most basic requirements. Keenan [4] has emphasized that people’s feeling that they belong to a place and have social status is a more powerful factor of motivation than the satisfaction of physiological needs. Maslow mentioned the state of belonging in the third stage of the needs hierarchy theory. According to Maslow, individuals who grow up in an environment where they do not meet their essential requirements, such as security, loving-being loved, and belonging to a group, will have difficulty in finding opportunities to achieve status or the belonging requirement [5] .  \nIf the belonging and respect needs of the individual aren’t met after his physiological and safety requirements have been met, resentment and anger will arise and these types of emotions may trigger  \nviolent behavior. In addition, individuals may feel different to others and consequently ethnic pathology may arise [6] . Also, when belonging needs aren’t satisfied, it may lead to the emotions of failure, social isolation, alienation and loneliness [7] . Additionally, many negative behavioral, psychological and social consequences such as mental illness, a tendency toward c","cbCaitVdXXWwHGlX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitVdXXWwHGlX","pdf",593767,"English","# 1. Introduction\n## University students and the need to belong\n## Theoretical foundations of belonging\n## Consequences of unmet belonging needs\n## Purpose and significance of the study","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To develop a valid, reliable, and useful Belonging to the University Scale that determines how satisfied university students are with their need to belong.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the scale developed and validated?\",\"answer\":\"A 5-point Likert-type scale is developed and analyzed using SPSS 15 and LISREL 8.15 with content validity and construct validity, including internal consistency checks.\"},{\"question\":\"What dimensions does the scale identify?\",\"answer\":\"Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identify three dimensions: Motivation, Expectations, and Identification.\"}]","THE BELONGING TO THE UNIVERSITY SCALE | PDF",1792064537]