[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-46168-en":3,"doc-seo-46168-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},46168,962075114765,"Quinn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","The Austronesians, the Nusantao and the Lapita Cultural Complex","A scholarly review of Neolithic migration in Southeast Asia and Oceania examines the Austronesian dispersal problem through two major archaeological-and-linguistic models. It contrasts Peter Bellwood’s Out-of-Taiwan hypothesis—connecting Austronesian expansion from southern China and Taiwan to Oceania—with Wilhelm Solheim II’s Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network concept, which emphasizes multidirectional diffusion. Both models use the Lapita Cultural Complex as a focal point while disputing how material culture links to Austronesian speakers and pottery traditions.","See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: [https://www. researchgate. net/publication/329591940](https://www. researchgate. net/publication/329591940)  \nThe Austronesians, the Nusantao and the Lapita Cultural Complex A Review of Neolithic migration in SEA and Oceania  \nPreprint · September 2010 DOI: 10. 13140/RG.2.2.16218.18883  \nCITATIONS 0  \nREADS  \n1,341  \n1 author:  \nRaphael Reyes  \nUniversity of the Philippines 3 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS  \nSEE PROFILE  \nAll content following this page was uploaded by Raphael Reyes on 12 December 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.  \nThe Austronesians, the Nusantao and the Lapita Cultural Complex  A Review of Neolithic migration in SEA and Oceania  \nMariano Raphael B. Reyes  \n9/29/2010  \nPeter Bellwood’s Out-of-Taiwan hypothesis is generally more dominant and accepted model of the Neolithic Austronesian migration. The dispersal and expansion of this population from southern China to Oceania from 6000 BP to 750 BP due to population pressures from an agricultural economy is the general idea for this model. The Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network (NMTCN) concept by Wilhelm Solheim II proposes the general origin area of the Austronesian speakers in the Neolithic in the southern Philippine-eastern Indonesia area where it spread multi-directionally and up to the north to southern China. Both models specifically consult the Lapita Cultural Complex and agree that it was Austronesian speakers who were responsible for it but their associated pottery complex is widely different, and refuted by the other. For Bellwood, this is the Dabenkeng/Tapenkeng culture in Taiwan, for Solheim it is the Sa-hyunh-Kalanay complex of Viet Nam which is tied to the Lapita. In summary, what we have here are two traditions of archaeology producing different perspectiveson the Neolithic Austronesian migration, providing insight as well on theory formulation as well as the reflexive implications on archaeology as a whole.  \nIntroduction  \nIn his article on Ancient Seafarers, Peter Bellwood mentioned that, “Southeast Asia and Australia give archaeologists some of the best evidence for ancient sea crossings, not just by Paleolithic humans but also by Neolithic peoples and even spice traders contemporary with the Roman Empire.”Throughout numerous evidences on the archaeological, linguistic, biogeographical and others, one of the prominent examples of specimens cited would be the Lapita pottery complex which have been described in relation to migration in “…that the Lapita culture represents the Austronesian-speaking Neolithic populations that colonized Oceania (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) beginning ca. 1500 B.C. These people were ancestral to modern Polynesians and eastern Micronesians, and also ancestral, to a lesser degree because of the prior existence of human populations in the western Pacific, to many of the populations of island Melanesia.”(Bellwood 1997) . Ultimately, he concluded that this represented the material and linguistic transmission of Southeast Asian and Oceanic peoples from South China and Taiwan.  \nIn a parallel manner Wilhelm G. Solheim II presented another theory which cited the Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network as another diffusion model which, unlike other theories of migration in the area, was largely multidirectional and on this, the author suggests that a kind of trading network would explain this aspect of the theory in this sense. This largely took place during the Neolithic in Southeast Asian and Pacific region much like the Lapita complex presented by Bellwood. He noted that “... I now define Nusantao as natives of Southeast Asia, and their descendants, with a maritime-oriented culture from their beginnings, these beginnings probably in southeastern Island Southeast Asia around 5000 BC or possibly earlier (Solheim 2007).”  \nThese are summaries and pieces of each of their theories on migration in ","cbCaibbH7JIrB8k5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibbH7JIrB8k5","pdf",1135238,5,1,13,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# The Lapita and the Out-of-Taiwan Hypothesis","[{\"question\":\"What is the central focus of the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on Neolithic migration in Southeast Asia and Oceania and how it relates to Austronesian language dispersal, using archaeological evidence centered on the Lapita Cultural Complex.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Out-of-Taiwan hypothesis explain Austronesian expansion?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes that Austronesian speakers expanded from southern China to Taiwan and then into Oceania between roughly 6000 BP and 1000 BP, with linguistics treated as primary evidence and supported by additional regional connections.\"},{\"question\":\"What alternative diffusion idea is presented by Solheim?\",\"answer\":\"Solheim’s Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network concept treats the spread as largely multidirectional, suggesting maritime trade and communication in the Neolithic Southeast Asian and Pacific context can explain patterns associated with Austronesian 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is the central focus of the review?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The review focuses on Neolithic migration in Southeast Asia and Oceania and how it relates to Austronesian language dispersal, using archaeological evidence centered on the Lapita Cultural Complex.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the Out-of-Taiwan hypothesis explain Austronesian expansion?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It proposes that Austronesian speakers expanded from southern China to Taiwan and then into Oceania between roughly 6000 BP and 1000 BP, with linguistics treated as primary evidence and supported by additional regional connections.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What alternative diffusion idea is presented by Solheim?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Solheim’s Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network concept treats the spread as largely multidirectional, suggesting maritime trade and communication in the Neolithic Southeast Asian and Pacific context can 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