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This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes evidence for the association between TL and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk using searches in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Nine eligible studies produced 11 datasets, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimating effect strength.",{"@graph":69,"@context":127},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-association-between-telomere-length-and-head-and-neck-cancer-risk-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/331222/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-association-between-telomere-length-and-head-and-neck-cancer-risk-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/331222.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Asher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119,123],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the review evaluate regarding telomere length?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It evaluates the evidence for an association between telomere length (TL) and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk, using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were eligible studies selected and how many datasets were included?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Nine eligible studies were identified, yielding 11 datasets for quantitative synthesis of the TL–HNC association.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What overall association did the meta-analysis find?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The analysis reported that short TL was significantly associated with increased HNC risk (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.10–1.73, p = 0.005).",{"name":124,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":125},"What does the study suggest TL could be used for clinically?",{"text":126,"@type":114},"The findings suggest TL might act as a potential biomarker for HNC risk, while emphasizing that high-quality prospective studies are needed for validation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":129,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":131,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":133,"site_id":62},331222,1790144614,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":136},{"doc_id":133,"user_id":137,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":144,"language":145,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":146,"faqs":147,"seo_title":148,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":149,"read_time":150},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Review  \nThe Association between Telomere Length and Head and Neck Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  \nDimitrios Andreikos 1, *, Efthymios Kyrodimos 2, Athanassios Kotsinas 3, *, Aristeidis Chrysovergis 4 and Georgios X. Papacharalampous 4  \nCitation: Andreikos, D.; Kyrodimos, E.; Kotsinas, A.; Chrysovergis, A.; Papacharalampous, G.X. The Association between Telomere Length and Head and Neck Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9000. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169000](doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169000)  \nAcademic Editor: Amelia Casamassimi  \nReceived: 21 June 2024  \nRevised: 5 August 2024  \nAccepted: 11 August 2024  \nPublished: 19 August 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece  \n2 First Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vas Sofias Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece; ekirodim@med.uoa.gr  \n3 Laboratory Histology–Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece  \n4 ENT Department, Athens General Hospital “ELPIS”, 7 Dimitsanas Street, 11522 Athens, Greece; [achrysovergis@gmail.com](achrysovergis@gmail.com) (A.C.); [poulador@yahoo.gr](poulador@yahoo.gr) (G.X.P.)  \n* [Correspondence: jim.andrei@outlook.com](Correspondence: jim.andrei@outlook.com) (D.A.); [akotsin@med.uoa.gr](akotsin@med.uoa.gr) (A.K.); Tel.: +30-210-7462420 (A.K.)  \nAbstract: Telomeres play a crucial role in maintaining chromosomal integrity and regulating the number of cell divisions and have been associated with cellular aging. Telomere length (TL) has been widely studied in manifold cancer types; however, the results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyze the evidence on the association between TL and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk. We comprehensively searched the literature in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus and identified nine eligible studies, which yielded 11 datasets. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to ascertain the strength of the association. On the basis of the median TL, we defined two groups, short TL and long TL, with the latter being the reference group. Our analysis found a significant relationship between short TL and increased HNC risk (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10–1.73, p = 0.005), while significant heterogeneity among the studies was noted. The subgroup analysis on HNC subtypes revealed a significant association between short TLand oral cancers (OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.23–3.53, p = 0.007) . Additionally, subgroup analysis indicates that adjustments for age, sex, and smoking did not affect the significance of our findings. In conclusion, our meta-analysis found evidence for an association between short TL and HNC risk, which could indicate that TL might act as a potential biomarker for HNC risk, but high-quality prospective studies are imperative to validate our findings.  \nKeywords: telomere length; telomere; association; cancer; head and neck cancer; meta-analysis  \n1. Introduction  \nHead and neck cancers (HNCs) constitute the 7th most common cancers worldwide, with up to 900,000 reported new cases and approximately 400,000–600,000 deaths annually. Their incidence has been increasing and also has been projected to maintain an upward trend [1] . The types of cancer included in HNCs are malignancies of the larynx, hypopharynx, pharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, and nasal cavity, while the most common histological subt","cbCaicLvWCCWAscB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicLvWCCWAscB","pdf",1853424,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background on head and neck cancers\n## Rationale for telomere length\n# Telomeres and telomere biology","[{\"question\":\"What does the review evaluate regarding telomere length?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates the evidence for an association between telomere length (TL) and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk, using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.\"},{\"question\":\"How were eligible studies selected and how many datasets were included?\",\"answer\":\"Nine eligible studies were identified, yielding 11 datasets for quantitative synthesis of the TL–HNC association.\"},{\"question\":\"What overall association did the meta-analysis find?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis reported that short TL was significantly associated with increased HNC risk (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.10–1.73, p = 0.005).\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study suggest TL could be used for clinically?\",\"answer\":\"The findings suggest TL might act as a potential biomarker for HNC risk, while emphasizing that high-quality prospective studies are needed for validation.\"}]","The Association between Telomere Length and Head and Neck Cancer Risk - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | PDF",1789992282,38]