[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-334039-105":59,"doc-detail-334039-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-association-between-breast-cancer-and-lung-cancer-a-bidirectional-mendelian-randomization-study","The association between breast cancer and lung cancer - a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","","Breast cancer (BC) survivors face elevated risk of second primary cancer (SPC), and lung cancer (LC) is a common SPC that can shorten survival. This study evaluates the causal relationship between BC and LC using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization framework. Instrumental variables were derived from BC genome-wide association study data (228,951 individuals) and lung cancer summary statistics (112,781 individuals). Inverse variance weighted and MR-RAPS analyses indicate a causal effect of overall BC on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), increasing LUAD risk. Results show no strong evidence for a causal effect of LUAD on BC. Findings support intensified screening for second primary LC and early intervention to reduce mortality among BC survivors.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-association-between-breast-cancer-and-lung-cancer-a-bidirectional-mendelian-randomization-study/334039/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-association-between-breast-cancer-and-lung-cancer-a-bidirectional-mendelian-randomization-study/334039.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Skyler","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What question does the study investigate about breast and lung cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examines whether there is a causal association between breast cancer (BC) and lung cancer (LC) using bidirectional Mendelian randomization, focusing on effects on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and whether LUAD affects BC.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the analysis performed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization approach was used, combining BC genome-wide association study data from BCAC (228,951 individuals) and LC GWAS summary statistics from TRICL (112,781 individuals).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results suggest for BC survivors?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The results support a causal effect of BC on second primary LUAD, with no strong evidence that LUAD causally affects BC. This indicates the need for intensified screening for second primary LC and early intervention to reduce mortality in BC survivors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},334039,1790107948,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46},2336464648746,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nThe association between  \nbreast cancer and lung cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study  \nXiaoqian Li, Junjie Liu, Jingyi Zhang, Yidi Wang, Jianjun He􀀍 & Huimin Zhang􀀍  \nWith increasing life spans, breast cancer (BC) survivors may face the possibility of developing second primary cancer (SPC), which can considerably shorten survival. Lung cancer (LC) is a common SPC among BC survivors. This study explored the association between these two cancers through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. A bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was conducted with BC genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) included 228,951 individuals and the GWAS summary statistics from the Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung (TRICL) of LC included 112,781 individuals. The IVW method and MRRAPS method showed a causal effect of overall BC on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (IVW: OR = 1.060, 95% CI = 1.008–1.116, P = 0.024; MR-RAPS: OR = 1.059, 95% CI = 1.005–1.116, P = 0.033), which indicated that patients with BC had an increased risk of LUAD. However, there is no strong evidence for a causal effect of LUAD on BC. Our study revealed a causal effect of BC on second primary LUAD, suggesting that we should intensify screening for second primary LC in BC survivors. Early intervention and treatment for patients with second primary LC are needed to reduce mortality in BC survivors.  \nKeywords Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Mendelian randomization, Causal effect  \nAbbreviations  \nBC Breast cancer  \nBCAC Breast Cancer Association Consortium  \nER Estrogen receptor  \nEGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor HR Hormone receptor  \nIVs Instrumental variables  \nIVW Inverse variance weighted  \nInSIDE Instrument Strength Independent of Direct Effect GWAS Genome-wide association study  \nLC Lung cancer  \nLUAD Lung adenocarcinoma  \nLUSC Squamous cell lung carcinoma  \nMR Mendelian randomization  \nPR Progesterone receptor  \nSPC Second primary cancer  \nSNPs Single-nucleotide polymorphisms SCLC Small cell lung carcinoma  \nSEER Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SIR Standardized incidence ratios  \nTRICL Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung  \nBreast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women, accounting for 30% of new cancer diagnoses, and its incidence is increasing at a rate of approximately 0.5% per year1. With the gradual improvement of BC diagnosis and treatment, the survival rate of BC patients has been increasing. In North America, the 5-year  \nDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China. 􀀍 email: [chinahjj@163.com](chinahjj@163.com); [huimin.zhang@xjtu.edu.cn](huimin.zhang@xjtu.edu.cn)  \n[www. nature.com/scientificreports/](www. nature.com/scientificreports/)  \nrelative survival rate of BC patients is above 80% due to the timely detection of the disease2. According to the expression of Estrogen Receptor (ER) in BC cells, BC can be divided into ER-positive BC and ER-negative BC. ER-positive tumors are generally sensitive to hormonal therapy, whereas ER-negative tumors generally do not respond to hormonal therapy. With increasing life spans, BC survivors may face the possibility of developing second primary cancer (SPC), which can considerably shorten survival. In contrast to the first primary cancer, the second cancer that appears in the body when metastasis is ruled out is called the SPC, which may occur in the same organ as the first primary cancer or in a different organ. As a result of prolonged survival, BC patients have an increased likelihood of developing SPCs, and the cumulative incidence of developing SPCs after earlystage initial primary BC was 7.43% at 10 years, 14.41% at 15 years, and 20.08% at 20 years3. Lung cancer (LC) is the most common SPC among BC survivors4. A recent study based on the Survei","cbCaitW4zinctebp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitW4zinctebp","pdf",3805186,"English","# Abstract\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Interpretation and implications\n# Keywords and abbreviations\n## Abbreviations","[{\"question\":\"What question does the study investigate about breast and lung cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines whether there is a causal association between breast cancer (BC) and lung cancer (LC) using bidirectional Mendelian randomization, focusing on effects on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and whether LUAD affects BC.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the analysis performed?\",\"answer\":\"A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization approach was used, combining BC genome-wide association study data from BCAC (228,951 individuals) and LC GWAS summary statistics from TRICL (112,781 individuals).\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results suggest for BC survivors?\",\"answer\":\"The results support a causal effect of BC on second primary LUAD, with no strong evidence that LUAD causally affects BC. This indicates the need for intensified screening for second primary LC and early intervention to reduce mortality in BC survivors.\"}]","The association between breast cancer and lung cancer - a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study | PDF",1790005112]