[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-433080-105":3,"doc-detail-433080-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-army-post-on-the-northern-plains-1865-1885","THE ARMY POST ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS - 1865-1885","","The opening of the Oregon Trail and the California gold discovery drove large-scale migration across the trans-Mississippi West, requiring new military posts to protect emigrants and supply trains and to secure the Overland Mail and emerging settlements. After early clashes, including reprisals following Lt. J. L. Grattan’s detachment in 1854, military occupation expanded along the Upper Missouri, with key forts established and growing tensions intensified during and after the Civil War. Subsequent expeditions, sieges, and retaliations culminated in a rapidly increasing number of Northern Plains military establishments by the end of 1864, with the region’s instability continuing into the mid- to late-1860s.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/","Literature",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-army-post-on-the-northern-plains-1865-1885/433080/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-army-post-on-the-northern-plains-1865-1885/433080.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Finn","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why were new military posts needed on the Northern Plains after the Oregon Trail opened?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"They were required to guard emigrant and supply trains, protect the Overland Mail, and support new settlements in the trans-Mississippi West.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did early events in the 1850s shape later violence on the Plains?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The wiping out of Lt. J. L. Grattan’s detachment in 1854 triggered reprisals and counter-reprisals between races that continued for years.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What changed during the Civil War that affected relations with Indian tribes?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Relations deteriorated further, and after the Sioux uprising in Minnesota in 1862, large-scale responses and expeditions led to renewed hostilities across the Plains.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},433080,1790814234,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":26,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":86,"file_id":87,"file_url":88,"file_type":89,"file_size":90,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":91,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":96,"read_time":97},34359740700684,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487","UNIVERSITYOF VICTORIALIBRARY  \n1  \n7  \n『HE ARMY POST ON THENORTHERN PLAINS1865-1885  \nBy RAY H.MATTISON  \nPublished by Oregon Trail Museum Association  \nGering,Nebraska  \n\n| UaEVERSITY   VICTQRLA  \u003Cbr>LIBRARY  \u003Cbr>Victaia,B、C.   |\n| --- |\n\n\"The Army Post on the Northern Plains,1865-1885,\"wasfirst published as a reprint from\"Nebraska History,\"VolumexxxV,Number 1,March,1954,the Nebraska State HistoricalSociety's quarterly magazine.It was immediately successful andwas sold out within a short time.The demand for this handbookhas continued to be so great that the Oregon Trail MuseumAssociation,Inc.,decided to reprint it in 1960 and 1962.  \nRay H.Mattison,the author,is the Historian of the RegionTwo Office,National Park Service,Omaha,Nebraska.He hascontributed approximately 25 articles to-historical magazines,largely in the midwest and in the northern plains region.Thisparticular study is the by-product of the historical program whichwas conducted by the Missouri River Basin Recreation Survey,National Park Service.  \nThe Oregon Trail Museum Association,Inc.,wishes to thankMr.Mattison,and .Dr.W.D.Aeschbacher,Director of theNebraska State Historical Society,for their permission to reprintthis handbook.  \nEARL R.HARRIS,Executive Secretary,  \nOregon Trail Museum Association,Box 136,Gering,Nebraska  \n# THE ARMY POST ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS,1865-1885\n\nBY RAY H.MATTISON  \nTHE opening of the Oregon Trail,together with the dis-I covery of gold in California and the cession of thesulted in a great migration to the trans-Mississippi West.As a result,a new line of military posts was needed toguard the emigrant and supply trains as well as to furnishprotection for the Overland Mail and the new settlements.1The wiping out of Lt.J.L.Grattan and his detachment in1854 near Fort Laramie,Wyoming,by the Sioux set off aseries of reprisals and counter-reprisals by both races which,with several interruptions,were not to end until the powerof the Indians was crushed in-the late 1870's and early1880's,With the building of Fort Randall in 1856,themilitary occupation of the Upper Missouri was begun.By1860 two military posts of a permanent character hadbeen established in the present state of Wyoming,one inNebraska,and one in South Dakota.2  \n)  \nRelations with most of the Indian tribes deterioratedrather than improved during the Civil War.Following theSioux uprising in Minnesota in 1862,the white man struckback.About fifteen hundred Indians were rounded up byGen.Henry H.Sibley and placed in prisons at Fort Snellingand Mankato,Minnesota,while the rest scattered over thePlains carrying their grievances with them to other tribes.As the result of his expedition in 1863,Gen.Alfred Sullyrouted the hostile Sioux near Whitestone Hill,not far fromthe present Ellendale,North Dakota,and founded FortSully several miles below cld Fort Pierre.After establish-ing Fort Rice,about forty miles below the present Bismarckin July of the following year,he engaged the Sioux in west-ern Dakota.He then proceeded to the Yellowstone Riverand descended it to the Missouri.Sully then garrisonedthe fur trading posts at Forts Union and Berthold and re-turned to Fort Rice.5 The massacre of the Black Kettleband of Cheyennes at Sand Creek,Colorado,in 1864 by Col.  \nJ.M.Chivington brought that tribe on the side of the hostileSioux.6 The end of 1864 found the Northern Plains aflame.At that time the region had twenty-eight military establish-ments compared to three in 1860.7  \nSeveral other developments made it necessary in thefollowing decade and a half to increase further the numberof troops.In some places,particularly in the Dakotas andMontana,additional military posts were built.The discoveryof gold in Montana and Idaho in the early 1860's made itnecessary to keep the Missouri River open to navigation  \n8Paul I.Wellman,Death on Horseback(Philadelphia,1937),pp.25-42.4George W.Kingsbury,History of Dakota Territory(Chicago,1915):2vols.I,287-298;Steven Hoekman,\"The History of FortSully,”Ms.,M.A.th","cbCaiih93aGWLElV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiih93aGWLElV","pdf",2580504,48,"English","# The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885\n## Migration and the need for posts\n## Forts on the Upper Missouri and shifting alliances\n## Civil War impacts and escalating conflict","[{\"question\":\"Why were new military posts needed on the Northern Plains after the Oregon Trail opened?\",\"answer\":\"They were required to guard emigrant and supply trains, protect the Overland Mail, and support new settlements in the trans-Mississippi West.\"},{\"question\":\"How did early events in the 1850s shape later violence on the Plains?\",\"answer\":\"The wiping out of Lt. J. L. Grattan’s detachment in 1854 triggered reprisals and counter-reprisals between races that continued for years.\"},{\"question\":\"What changed during the Civil War that affected relations with Indian tribes?\",\"answer\":\"Relations deteriorated further, and after the Sioux uprising in Minnesota in 1862, large-scale responses and expeditions led to renewed hostilities across the Plains.\"}]","THE ARMY POST ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS - 1865-1885 | PDF",1790662663,74,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":99},[100,104,107,111,116,121,125,130,135,138,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":122,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":129},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":134},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":137},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":139,"slug":141},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":143,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":144,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":145},19,"General","general"]