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The discussion contrasts two approaches—architecture as a conceptual discipline using linguistic or morphological frameworks (the pyramid) and empirical research grounded in sensory experience and spatial praxis (the labyrinth)—to show how the paradox persists and 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paradox does the text claim is unavoidable in architecture?","Question",{"text":61,"@type":62},"It claims architecture enters an unavoidable paradox: the impossibility of questioning the nature of space while at the same time experiencing a spatial praxis.","Answer",{"name":64,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":65},"How does the text describe the two key terms or approaches to space in architecture?",{"text":66,"@type":62},"It contrasts trends that treat architecture as a thing of the mind using conceptual, linguistic or morphological variations (the pyramid) with empirical research focused on senses and the experience of space in relation to praxis (the labyrinth).",{"name":68,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":69},"What does the text say 'to define space' linguistically means?",{"text":70,"@type":62},"It says defining space means both making space distinct and stating the precise nature of space, and that this ambiguity fuels much confusion about 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Architectural Paradox of the Pyramd and the Labyrin;n Studo internctional.September.October 1975  \n1.  \nMost people concerned with architecture feel some sort ofdisillusion and dismay.None of the early utopian ideals of thetwentieth century has materialized,none of its social aims hassucceeded.Blurred by reality,the ideals have turned into re-development nightmares and the aims into bureaucraticpolicies.The split between social reality and utopian dreamhas been total;the gap between economic constraints andthe illusion of all-solving techniques absolute.Pointed out bycritics who knew the limits of architectural remedies,thishistorical split has now been bypassed by attempts toreformulate the concepts of architecture.And in the process,a new split has appeared.More complex,it is not thesymptom of professional naivety or economic ignorance,butthe sign of a fundamental question which lies in the verynature of architecture and of its essential element:space.Byfocusing on itself,architecture has entered an unavoidableparadox:the impossibility of questioning the nature of spaceand at the same time experiencing a spatial praxis.  \n2.  \nI have no intention of reviewing architectural trends and theirconnection with the arts.My general emphasis on spacerather than on disciplines(art,architecture,semiology,etc.)is not aimed particularly at negating academic categorization.The merging of disciplines is too worn a path to provide astimulating itinerary.Insteadlwould like to focus attention onthe present paradox of space and on the nature of its terms,trying to indicate how one might go beyond this self-contradiction,even if the answer should prove intolerable.I shallfrst recall the historical context of this paradox and willthen examine first those trends which consider architectureas a thing of the mind,as a dematerialized or conceptualdiscipline,with its linguistic or morphological variations(thepyramid);second,empirical research that concentrates onthe senses,on the experience of space as well as on therelationship between space and praxis (the labyrinth);andthird,the contradictory nature of these two terms and thedifference between the means of escaping the paradox by  \nshifting the actual nature of the debate,as,for example.through politics,and the means that alter the paradoxaltogether(the pyramid and the labyrinth).  \n3.  \nLinguistically,'to define space'means both 'to make spacedistinct'and 'to state the precise nature of space'.Much ofthe current confusion about space can be illustrated by thisambiguity.While art and architecture have been concernedessentially with the first sense,philosophy,mathematics andphysics have tried through history to give interpretations tosomething variously described as 'a material thing in whichail material things are located'or as 'something subjectivewith which the mind categorizes things'.Remember:withDescartes ended the Aristotelian tradition,according towhich space and time were 'categories'that enabled theclassification of 'sensory knowledge.Space became absolute.Object before the subject,it dominated senses and bodies bycontaining them.Was space inherent to the totality of whatexists?Such was the question of space for Spinoza andLeibniz.Returning to the oid notion of category,Kantdescribed space as neither matter nor the set of objectiverelations between things,but as an ideal internal structure.ana priori consciousness,an instrument of knowledge.Subse.quent mathematical developments on non-Euclidean spacesand their topologies did not eliminate the philosophicaldiscussions.These reappeared with the widening gapbetween abstract spaces and society.But space was generallyaccepted as a cosa mentale,a sort of all-embracing set withsubsets such as literary space,ideological space and psycho.analytical space  \n4.  \nArchitecturally.to define space (to make space distinct)literally me","cbCaisaDL8U2r4sN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisaDL8U2r4sN","pdf",588919,"English","# Most early architectural utopian ideals failed\n## Space as the essential element and the paradox\n# Two ways to approach architectural space\n## Architecture as a thing of the mind (the pyramid)\n## Empirical research and lived experience (the labyrinth)\n# Linguistic meanings of defining space\n## Making space distinct vs stating its precise nature\n# Philosophical and architectural views of space","[{\"question\":\"What paradox does the text claim is unavoidable in architecture?\",\"answer\":\"It claims architecture enters an unavoidable paradox: the impossibility of questioning the nature of space while at the same time experiencing a spatial praxis.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text describe the two key terms or approaches to space in architecture?\",\"answer\":\"It contrasts trends that treat architecture as a thing of the mind using conceptual, linguistic or morphological variations (the pyramid) with empirical research focused on senses and the experience of space in relation to praxis (the labyrinth).\"},{\"question\":\"What does the text say 'to define space' linguistically means?\",\"answer\":\"It says defining space means both making space distinct and stating the precise nature of space, and that this ambiguity fuels much confusion about space.\"}]","THE ARCHITECTURAL PARADOX - The Pyramid and the Labyrinth | PDF",15]