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Data were collected from 172 teachers across two institutions. Principal factor analyses with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analyses support a model of 17 items organized into five sub-factors within two main factors, with good alpha reliability. Findings broadly support the Malaysian version while indicating further work to improve the inventory for the Malaysian higher education context.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-approaches-to-teaching-inventory-issue-2-a-preliminary-validation-of-the-malaysian-translation/593549/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-approaches-to-teaching-inventory-issue-2-a-preliminary-validation-of-the-malaysian-translation/593549.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jasmine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate a Malaysian translation of the 22-item Approaches to Teaching Inventory for application in higher education.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the inventory validated in this research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used principal factor analyses with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analyses to support a factor model.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How many items and factors does the supported model include?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The model supports 17 items categorized into five sub-factors subsumed within two main factors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},593549,1792188577,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},2336478487870,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Australian Journal of Teacher Education  \n\n| Volume 39 | Issue 1 | Article 2 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2014\u003Cbr>The Approaches to Teaching Inventory: A\u003Cbr>Preliminary Validation of the Malaysian Translation\u003Cbr>Pauline Swee Choo Goh\u003Cbr>Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, [goh.sc@fppm.upsi.edu.my](goh.sc@fppm.upsi.edu.my)\u003Cbr>Kung Teck Wong\u003Cbr>Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia\u003Cbr>Mohd Sahandri Gani Hamzah Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nGoh, P., Wong, K., & Hamzah, M. (2014). The Approaches to Teaching Inventory: A Preliminary Validation of the Malaysian Translation. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39 (1).  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2014v39n1.6](http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2014v39n1.6)  \nThis Journal Article is posted at Research Online.  \n[http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol39/iss1/2](http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol39/iss1/2)  \nAustralian Journal of Teacher Education  \nThe Approaches to Teaching Inventory: A Preliminary Validation of the  \nMalaysian Translation  \nPauline Swee Choo Goh  \nKung Teck Wong  \nMohd Sahandri Gani Hamzah  \nSultan Idris Education University, Malaysia  \nAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Malaysian  \ntranslation of the 22-item Approaches to Teaching Inventory for  \napplication in higher education. The Approaches to Teaching Inventory  \nwas a quantitative measure used by teachers of higher education to  \ngauge their own teaching approaches that had been psychometrically  \nassessed and widely used in western universities. Data in the present  \nstudy came from 172 teachers in two institutions of higher learning.  \nPrincipal factor analyses with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analyses support a model with 17 items categorized into five sub-factors that were subsumed within two main factors. The alpha values of both the  \nsub-factors and main factors were good. While broadly supporting the  \nuse of the Malaysian version in providing insights into the teaching  \napproaches, the findings of the present study suggested the need to  \nexamine other factors that may contribute towards the inventory’s future improvement for application in the Malaysian higher education context.  \nThe evaluation of teaching in higher education has long been established in the Western countries. The importance of gaining some form of measurement of teaching effectiveness reflects the growing importance of the quality of teaching and also the increasing competition between higher institutions. Malaysia, a developing country, is not different. There has been an upsurge of interest in the area of quality assurances from a range of different perspectives of which teaching quality ranks high (Goh & Wong, 2013) . Malaysia has embarked on a new Malaysian Economic Transformation Programme (METP) of which the provision of high quality education features prominently. Teachers are under pressure to meet the METP’s expectations to perform effectively in classrooms (Economic Planning Unit, 2010) . In fact,“improving teacher quality in the education system is a top priority” within the METP blueprint (Jala 2010) .  \nOne effective method to address the issue of teaching quality would be to develop appropriate quantitative measures to provide empirical data on aspects of teaching approaches or methods (Leckey & Neill, 2001) . However, Lonka, Olkinuora and Mäkinen (2004) caution that the development of a psychometrically strong measure takes a long time and encompass rigorous processes. The other option would be to use an existing measure that has been developed and validated in various contexts and have it modified, adapted or translated for use in a new context (Richardson, 2004) . Nevertheless, Richardson (2004) also cautions that a validated measure needs to have its psychometric properties tested in the new context before it can be used for decision making in any educational endeavors.  \nWhile there are many possible sources of evaluative data on teaching qu","cbCaivj1WyiQBzee","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivj1WyiQBzee","pdf",360639,12,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose and evaluation scope\n## Data source and participants\n## Factor model and reliability\n## Implications for future improvement","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate a Malaysian translation of the 22-item Approaches to Teaching Inventory for application in higher education.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the inventory validated in this research?\",\"answer\":\"The study used principal factor analyses with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analyses to support a factor model.\"},{\"question\":\"How many items and factors does the supported model include?\",\"answer\":\"The model supports 17 items categorized into five sub-factors subsumed within two main factors.\"}]","The Approaches to Teaching Inventory - Issue 2 - A Preliminary Validation of the Malaysian Translation | PDF",1792077461]