[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-210664-en":3,"doc-seo-210664-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":83},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},210664,2336475104957,"นรินทร์","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c6bd8a5076e1?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787554080175789136",8,"Research & Report","The Analysis of Mathematics Performance in the National High School Exam in Brazil","The study examines performance disparities in Mathematics on Brazil’s National High School Exam (ENEM) in 2022, an assessment created in 1998 and restructured in 2009 that shapes educational standards and practices. Using microdata from 909,625 candidates from public and private schools who completed high school in 2022 and scored nonzero in all sections, the analysis applies statistical methods including Cohen’s distance. Results show private-school students outperform public-school students across regions, and male candidates outperform females in Mathematics, highlighting the need for equitable, targeted interventions to reduce disparities by school type and gender.","FOLIA 407  \nAnnales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia 16(2024)  \nISSN 2080-9751  \nDOI 10.24917/20809751.16.4  \nGuilherme Stecca Marcom, Mayra Picoloto Papani  \nThe Analysis of Mathematics Performance in the National High School Exam in Brazil∗  \nAbstract. This study examines the performance disparity in Mathematics tests of the National High School Exam (ENEM) in Brazil in 2022 . The ENEM, created in 1998 and restructured in 2009, not only assesses educational quality but also influences social standards and educational practices.  \nUsing microdata from candidates who completed high school in 2022 and participated without scoring zero in any section, the analysis includes 909,625 students from public and private schools across two geographical regions of Brazil. Statistical methods, including Cohen’s distance, revealed that students from private schools consistently outperformed those from public schools across all regions. Additionally, male candidates tend to outperform females in Mathematics. The results emphasize the need for targeted interventions to mitigate disparities based on school type and gender, highlighting the importance of equitable and high-quality educational policies in Brazil.  \nIntroduction  \nDuring the 1990s, a series of initiatives to evaluate the Brazilian educational system began. It created a sequence of tests in the federal sphere as Brazil Assessment (Prova Brasil), and National High School Exam (ENEM) among others. Thus, large-scale assessments have come to play a key role in Brazilian education. These examinations are intended to describe the situation of the various units of the federation and public policies for investment in education (Bruhn et al. , 2016; Krasilchick, 2000) . Global institutions such as the World Bank, the InterAmerican Bank, and UNESCO use these indicators to foster and finance projects in education or other areas they support (Bruhn et al., 2016) .  \nIn 1998, the National High School Exam – Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) in Portuguese – was created with the initial proposal of evaluating the  \n∗ 2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 97B20, 97D60, 97C60  \nKeywords and phrases: mathematics teaching, ENEM, performance, socioeconomic status, gender  \n[104] Guilherme Stecca Marcom, Mayra Picoloto Papani  \nprofile of students completing high school, allowing public authorities to identify failures in the youth education process (Inep, 2009) . Although the disclosure of the average score of each school was not part of the initial proposal of the exam, these results have become indicators of school quality. However, the analysis of student performance in ENEM, with the idea of improving the quality of education and learning, which would contribute to identifying school factors that influence student performance, is little explored, despite the recognition of the importance of these analyses.  \nThe ENEM 2009 underwent a major transformation and is now known as the“New ENEM”. The importance of assessments such as ENEM and the selection tests hold in Brazilian society, goes far beyond the measurement of education in the country. These large-scale assessments exercise a normative function that is often more powerful than official programs, textbooks, or curriculum proposals, having a great influence on primary and secondary education (Krasilchick, 2000, p. 90) .  \nFrom this point of view, the importance of the New ENEM in promoting access to higher education and shaping the school environment highlights the need for social equity in its structure. This means that the candidate, regardless of their social situation, should not be prejudiced by a question on the test. Based on the need for equity in testing, regarding the gender and social situation of the candidate, some authors point out that there are marked differences in the performance of male and female candidates in assessments. In mathematics assessments, male candidat","cbCaiaKzOpKMf1Ql","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaKzOpKMf1Ql","pdf",446416,1,13,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Background of large-scale assessments in Brazil\n## ENEM creation and “New ENEM” transformation\n## Equity and gender differences in ENEM mathematics performance\n## Research perspective and scale-based analysis","[{\"question\":\"Why does the study emphasize equity in ENEM testing?\",\"answer\":\"Because differences tied to school type and gender can disadvantage candidates, the findings support targeted interventions and equitable, high-quality educational policies to reduce inequality in large-scale assessments.\"}]","The Analysis of Mathematics Performance in the National High School Exam in Brazil | PDF",1788667801,33,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":28},"the-analysis-of-mathematics-performance-in-the-national-high-school-exam-in-brazil","",{"@graph":36,"@context":77},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-analysis-of-mathematics-performance-in-the-national-high-school-exam-in-brazil/210664/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why does the study emphasize equity in ENEM testing?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Because differences tied to school type and gender can disadvantage candidates, the findings support targeted interventions and equitable, high-quality educational policies to reduce inequality in large-scale assessments.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":79,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":84},[85,89,93,97,102,107,112,115,120,123,127],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":86,"show_sort_weight":87,"slug":88},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":90,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":92},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":98,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":103,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":130},19,"General","general"]