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It builds on prior findings linking exposure to the U.S. criminal justice system among people racialized as Black to adverse cognitive outcomes. Using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) cognitive test scores from 2008–2020, it estimates associations between county histories of structural racism and cognitively impaired incidents, using binomial logistic regression.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-america-i-know-could-use-a-good-cry-impact-of-state-and-civilian-perpetrated-racial-violence-on-cognitive-health/426374/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-america-i-know-could-use-a-good-cry-impact-of-state-and-civilian-perpetrated-racial-violence-on-cognitive-health/426374.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aran","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What theoretical framework guides the study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The analysis uses a life course approach and the Weathering Hypothesis as the primary pathway linking cumulative stress and fear to health impacts.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What exposures and institutional contexts does the study focus on?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It highlights the role of governmental and institutional bodies perpetuating structural racism, and also the contributions of civilian actors to racial terror affecting cognitive impairment risk.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What data and outcome are used to assess cognitive impairment?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The study uses Health and Retirement Study (HRS) cognitive test performance scores and defines the outcome as having at least one incident of cognitive impairment from 2008 to 2020.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},426374,1790814238,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":81},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","1024 Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.3450  \nTHE AMERICA I KNOW COULD USE A GOOD CRY:  \nIMPACT OF STATE AND CIVILIAN-PERPETRATED  \nRACIAL VIOLENCE ON COGNITIVE HEALTH  \nMuriel Taks Calle1, Betselot Wondimu1, Cailyn Clemons1, and Paris Adkins-Jackson2, 1. Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States, 2. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States  \nFrom a life course approach and relying on the Weathering Hypothesis as a primary pathway, this study acknowledges that cumulative stressful and fear-related experiences, whether endured directly or indirectly, have a detrimental impact on the individual’s health. Prior investigations show that exposure to the American criminal justice system experienced by individuals racialized as Black correlates with adverse cognitive effects. This analysis seeks to highlight not only the role of governmental and institutional bodies in perpetuating structural racism but also the contributions of civilian actors to racial terror which in turn, increases the chances of cognitive impairment among those racialized as Black. We estimate the association between living in a county with a history of structural racism and racially disproportionate incarceration rates (in the decade preceding the passing of the 1994 Crime Bill) and having at least one incident of cognitive impairment (2008-2020), based on cognitive test performance scores from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) . Binomial logistic regression results suggest that participants racialized as Black in counties with high structural racism (lynching history, and disproportionate deaths due to police violence) and disproportionate incarceration have 21.3 times higher odds (β = 3.059; 95%CI [0.242, 5.875]) of having at least one incident of cognitive impairment compared to those racializedas Black in counties with the same conditions except disproportionate incarceration.","cbCaigv1P8Ty2Ro0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigv1P8Ty2Ro0","pdf",51825,"English","# Abstract\n## Study approach and theoretical pathway\n## Research objective and exposures\n## Outcome definition and data source\n## Statistical modeling and key results","[{\"question\":\"What theoretical framework guides the study?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis uses a life course approach and the Weathering Hypothesis as the primary pathway linking cumulative stress and fear to health impacts.\"},{\"question\":\"What exposures and institutional contexts does the study focus on?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights the role of governmental and institutional bodies perpetuating structural racism, and also the contributions of civilian actors to racial terror affecting cognitive impairment risk.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and outcome are used to assess cognitive impairment?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses Health and Retirement Study (HRS) cognitive test performance scores and defines the outcome as having at least one incident of cognitive impairment from 2008 to 2020.\"}]","THE AMERICA I KNOW COULD USE A GOOD CRY - Impact of State and Civilian-Perpetrated Racial Violence on Cognitive Health | PDF",1790640365]