[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-329717-105":59,"doc-detail-329717-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-activity-of-18-dihydroanthraquinone-derivatives-in-nervous-system-cancers-review","The Activity of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives in Nervous System Cancers - Review","","Primary and metastatic tumors of the nervous system comprise biologically diverse cancers with distinct outcomes and treatment strategies, creating major clinical difficulties. Natural products from plants have long supported anticancer approaches, and this review consolidates recent progress on 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives. Using in vitro and in vivo nervous system tumor models, the compounds are shown to trigger apoptosis and necrosis, disrupt DNA-related processes, modulate ROS and oxidative stress, and affect key oncogenic signaling pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt. These findings support the development of novel therapies to address resistance and improve patient outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-activity-of-18-dihydroanthraquinone-derivatives-in-nervous-system-cancers-review/329717/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-activity-of-18-dihydroanthraquinone-derivatives-in-nervous-system-cancers-review/329717.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What cancers are covered in this review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review focuses on primary and metastatic nervous system tumors, collectively termed nervous system cancers (NSCs). It emphasizes their biological diversity and the resulting therapeutic challenges.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which compounds are highlighted as 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It analyzes anticancer activity for derivatives including emodin, aloe-emodin, hypericin, chrysophanol, rhein, and physcion.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do these derivatives affect cancer cells and tumor progression?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They induce apoptosis and necrosis, interfere with DNA-related transcription and replication, alter ROS to drive oxidative stress, and modulate oncogenic signaling pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},329717,1790890721,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197207919,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552","Review  \nThe Activity of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives in Nervous System Cancers  \nEstera Oko ´n 1, Wirginia Kukula-Koch 2, Agata Jarza˛b 1, Katarzyna Gaweł-B˛eben 3, Ewelina Bator 4, Magdalena Michalak-Tomczyk 5, Jacek Jachuła 6, Beata Antosiewicz-Klimczak 3, Adrian Odrzywolski 1, Wojciech Koch 7, * and Anna Wawruszak 1  \nCitation: Oko ´n, E.; Kukula-Koch, W.; Jarza˛b, A.; Gaweł-B˛eben, K.; Bator, E.; Michalak-Tomczyk, M.; Jachuła, J.; Antosiewicz-Klimczak, B.; Odrzywolski, A.; Koch, W.; et al. The Activity of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives in Nervous System Cancers. Molecules 2024, 29, 5989 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)molecules29245989  \nAcademic Editor: Gian Cesare Tron  \nReceived: 27 November 2024  \nRevised: 16 December 2024  \nAccepted: 17 December 2024  \nPublished: 19 December 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; [estera.okon@umlub.pl](estera.okon@umlub.pl) (E.O.); [agata.jarzab@umlub.pl](agata.jarzab@umlub.pl) (A.J.); [adrian.odrzywolski@umlub.pl](adrian.odrzywolski@umlub.pl) (A.O.); [anna.wawruszak@umlub.pl](anna.wawruszak@umlub.pl) (A.W.)  \n2 Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; [virginia.kukula@gmail.com](virginia.kukula@gmail.com)  \n3 Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów,  \n2 Sucharskiego, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; [kagawel@wsiz.edu.pl](kagawel@wsiz.edu.pl) (K.G.-B.);  \n[bantosiewicz@wsiz.edu.pl](bantosiewicz@wsiz.edu.pl) (B.A.-K.)  \n4 Interdisciplinary Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research, Rzeszow University, 2a Werynia, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; [ebator@ur.edu.pl](ebator@ur.edu.pl)  \n5 Department of Physiology and Toxicology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1I Konstantynów Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland; [magdalena.michalak@kul.pl](magdalena.michalak@kul.pl)  \n6 Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland; [jacek.jachula@mail.umcs.pl](jacek.jachula@mail.umcs.pl)  \n7 Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland  \n* Correspondence: [kochw@interia.pl](kochw@interia.pl)  \nAbstract: Primary and metastatic tumors of the nervous system represent a diverse group of neoplasms, each characterized by distinct biological features, prognostic outcomes, and therapeutic approaches. Due to their molecular complexity and heterogeneity, nervous system cancers (NSCs) pose significant clinical challenges. For decades, plants and their natural products with established anticancer properties have played a pivotal role in the treatment of various medical conditions, including cancers. Anthraquinone derivatives, a class of tricyclic secondary metabolites, are found in several botanical families, such as Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rubiaceae. In a comprehensive review, recent advancements in the anticancer properties of 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives—such as emodin, aloe-emodin, hypericin, chrysophanol, rhein, and physcion—were analyzed. These compounds have been studied extensively, both used individually and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, using in vitro and in vivo models of nervous system tumors. It was demonstrated that 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives induce apoptosis and necrosis in cancerous cells, intercalate into DNA, disrupting transcription and replicatio","cbCailHKaFRZ2eft","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailHKaFRZ2eft","pdf",2451500,25,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What cancers are covered in this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on primary and metastatic nervous system tumors, collectively termed nervous system cancers (NSCs). It emphasizes their biological diversity and the resulting therapeutic challenges.\"},{\"question\":\"Which compounds are highlighted as 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes anticancer activity for derivatives including emodin, aloe-emodin, hypericin, chrysophanol, rhein, and physcion.\"},{\"question\":\"How do these derivatives affect cancer cells and tumor progression?\",\"answer\":\"They induce apoptosis and necrosis, interfere with DNA-related transcription and replication, alter ROS to drive oxidative stress, and modulate oncogenic signaling pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt.\"}]","The Activity of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives in Nervous System Cancers - Review | PDF",1789985324,63]